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CONFUCIANISM (@551 BCE). Founded by: Kong Fu Tzu @ 551 BCE Book: Analects Philosophy: Filial Piety Five Relationships Concerned with establishing correct human relationships as the key to achieving harmony w/ heaven and earth
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CONFUCIANISM (@551 BCE) • Founded by: • Kong Fu Tzu • @ 551 BCE • Book: • Analects • Philosophy: • Filial Piety • Five Relationships • Concerned with establishing correct human relationships as the key to achieving harmony w/ heaven and earth • http://www.unitedstreaming.com/search/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=8D001064-8150-4F80-9F8A-F30B1BA5612B&tabStart=videoSegments
FILIAL PIETY • The FIVE Relationships 1. ruler to ruled 2. father to son 3. older bro to younger bro 4. husband to wife 5. friend to friend
Confucianism • Founder: Confucius (Master Kong) • Kong Fu Tsu • Dates: 551 BCE • Writings: The Analects • Teachings: • 5 Relationships must govern society • Importance of the Family and Respect for elders • Filial piety: the duty and respect that children owed their parents • Moderation and Balance • Importance of Education and Morality • Civil Service Exam • Family and good of society more important than individual • Rulers must “set a good example” to receive loyalty
The ANALECTS • The Master said, • “if one sets his heart on benevolence (good), one will be free from evil.” • “the gentleperson understands what is moral, the small person understands what is profitable.”
LAO TZU • Founder of Taoism • lived under the Zhou Dynasty • Weary of the world • gate keeper begged to learn: • 5000 characters • 81 chapters • http://www.unitedstreaming.com/search/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=8D001064-8150-4F80-9F8A-F30B1BA5612B&tabStart=videoSegments
TAOISM • Founder: LAO TZU • @ 520 BCE • Book: Tao Te Ching • 81 Chapters • Tao means “the Way” • “The way that can be explained is not the true way.” • Balance and Nature • the natural order of the universe • w/ morality • Confucian rules are useless • yin-yang
Taoism • Founder: Lao Zi • Dates: 500-551 B.C • Writings: Tao Te Ching • “The Way of Virtue” • Teachings: The link between Nature and People • Tao means “The Way” • People should do nothing contrary to nature, live according to the Way • “Reveal thyself, embrace original nature, do not be selfish,, curtail desire” • Govt. should have fewer rules • Yin and Yang: Forces in Nature are to balance each other • Yin: female, passive, earthy • Yang: male, active, heavenly
More TAOISM: • A journey of a 1000 miles begins with one step. • Goals can be deceptive, the unaimed arrow never misses. • Those who know the Tao do not speak of it, those who speak of the Tao do not it. • Reveal thy simple self, embrace they original nature, check thy selfishness, curtail thy desires • http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=2331852903610109378&q=bruce+lee+interview&hl=en
LEGALISM • Founder: HAN FEIZI • @ 233 BCE • Emphasis on laws • 55 treatises • People acted out of self interest • People only respond to rewards and punishments, not good examples • Harsh Laws and Strict Rulers are necessary to get things done • Example: Shi Huangdi used Legalism to unite China and create the Great Wall • Tradition scorned • Rules must be based on reward and punishment • “ruler alone possesses power, wielding it like lightning or thunder”
Dynastic Cycle • A dynasty could stay in power if it was good • If a dynasty went into decline, and abused its power, it would also lose the Mandate of Heaven • A strong leader would then emerge and est. a new dynasty claiming the Mandate • The dynastic cycle would begin again
