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Parade of Kingdoms Review

Discover the three domains Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya and their kingdoms. Learn about thermophiles, halophiles, and key taxonomic concepts like binomial nomenclature, phylogeny, and molecular clock. Explore the classification hierarchy from domain to species.

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Parade of Kingdoms Review

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  1. Parade of KingdomsReview Chapters 27, 28, 31, 32, 33, 34

  2. Name the 3 domains used today to classify organisms Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya Organisms are divided into the 3 DOMAINS based on the kind of ________________ they have. Ribosomal RNA

  3. Name this diagram used to show evolutionary relationships between organisms cladogram Image from:http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/images/clip0075.jpg

  4. Eubacteria, Archaebacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Name the 6 Kingdoms Which kingdoms are included in the DOMAIN EUKARYA? Protista, Fungi, Animalia, Plantae

  5. From slide show by Kim Foglia http://www.explorebiology.com Bacteria that can live in HOT environments like volcano vents are called ______________ thermophiles Explain how thermophiles are useful in running PCR? Enzyme (Taq polymerase) from a thermophilic bacteria is used in PCR because it can withstand the higher temps used in the PCR process

  6. halophiles Bacteria that can survive in very SALTY environments are called_________________ Classification system in which each species is assigned a two-part scientific name Binomial nomenclature

  7. phylogeny The evolutionary history of an organism = ____________ Large taxonomic group made up of closely related phyla; top level in Linnaeus’s classification hierarchy kingdom

  8. Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members which are used to create cladograms Derived characters The science of classifying and namingorganisms taxonomy

  9. Phylum (pl. phyla) Group of closely related classes Model that uses DNA comparisons to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently Molecular clock

  10. CLASS Group of similar orders Most inclusive taxonomic category based on ribosomal RNA; Taxon level above kingdom in today’s hierarchy DOMAIN

  11. ORDER Group of similar families Swedish botanist who came up with a classification system that groups organisms in a 7 level hierarchy and gives each a 2 part scientific name Carolus Linnaeus

  12. Group of genera that share many characteristics FAMILY Greek philosopher and teacher that came up with the first classification system that separated organisms into 2 groups … plants or animals Aristotle

  13. The 1st part of a two part scientific name that is alwayscapitalized genus Polysaccharide molecule found in plant cell walls that makes them different from bacteria and fungi cellulose

  14. The 2nd part of a two part scientific name species Polysaccharide molecule found in the cell walls of some fungi that makes them different from bacteria and plants chitin

  15. Organisms that use oxygen for cellular respiration and can’t live without it are called obligate aerobes Molecule found in the cell walls of bacteria that makes them different from fungi and plants peptidoglycan

  16. Polymer made of sugars and amino acids found outside the cell membrane in bacteria = ___________________ PEPTIDOGLYCAN http://www.scq.ubc.ca/?p=481

  17. Organisms that are poisoned by oxygen like Clostridium botulinum are called obligate anaerobes Organisms that can use oxygen if it ispresent for cellular respiration, but can also grow by fermentation in ananaerobic environment Facultative anaerobes

  18. Kingdom that includes all prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls Eubacteria Kingdom that includes all multicellular eukaryotic heterotrophs with no cell walls or chloroplasts Animalia

  19. Kingdom with includes heterotrophic eukaryotes with chitin in their cell walls Fungi Kingdom that includes multicellular eukaryotes that have chloroplasts for photosynthesis and have cell walls made of cellulose Plantae

  20. Kingdom that includes prokaryotes without peptidoglycan in their cell walls Archaebacteria Diverse kingdom composed of eukaryotes that are not classified as plants, animals, or fungi Protista

  21. The scientific name for red maple is Acer rubrum. To which species does it belong? rubrum Do you know a silly phrase that will help you to remember the 7 hierarchy levels in Linnaeus’s classification system? Kids prefer cheese over fried green spinach. Kings play chess on fat green stools.Kids playing chicken on freeways get squished.King Phillip cried, “Oh for goodness sake”.

  22. NAME the 7 taxonomic levels in Linnaeus’s hierarchy in order starting with the largest _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species

  23. PLANTAE _____________ ____________ Name the KINGOM for these organisms: FUNGI

  24. Acer The scientific name for red maple is Acer rubrum. To which genus does it belong? The correct way to write the scientific name for lion is ________ Panthera leo panthera leoPanthera Leo Panthera leo Panthera leo orPanthera leo 1st name capitalized, second name lower case, Underlined or in italics

  25. Name the original kingdom in the 5-Kingdom system that was split into 2 separate bacterial kingdoms MONERA Name the two kingdoms that resulted from this split Eubacteria & Archaebacteria

  26. Name the 6 Kingdoms used to classify organisms today Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia The scientific name for humans is _______ ________ Homo sapiens(OR Homo sapiens)

  27. Based on this cladogram, which of the following is true? Roaches and mantids share a more recent common ancestor than do roaches and termites. Roaches and mantids share a more recent common ancestor than do termites and mantids. Termites and mantids do not share a common ancestor. TRUE TRUE FALSE

  28. Eukarya Euglena, paramecium, and amoeba belong in the domain __________ and thekingdom ______________ Protista Give an example of an organism in the fungi kingdom. Mushrooms, yeast, bread mold

  29. Name the DOMAIN for these organisms: ______________ ______________ Eukarya Eukarya

  30. Organism that can make its ownfood using photosynthesis or chemosynthesis autotroph Cell with out a nuclear envelope prokaryote

  31. Which DOMAIN includes all the living things whose cells have a nucleus? Eukarya Which polyphyletic kingdom includes the most diverse organisms because they are grouped by what characteristics they don’t have rather than what they have in common? Protista

  32. Name the KINGDOM for these organisms: ______________ ______________ PROTISTA ANIMALIA

  33. The Endosymbiotic theory proposed by Lynn Margulis suggests which two organelles evolved from symbiotic prokaryote ancestors? Mitochondria & chloroplasts Mycorrhizae ___________ form when plantroots + fungi live symbiotically

  34. Give an example of the kinds of organisms that would be found in the Archaea domain Halophiles, thermophiles, methanogens A cell with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles is called a ___________ eukaryote

  35. Spherical- cocci Rod shaped- bacilli Spiral-spirilli Name the three shapes of bacteria Bacteria are ____________ prokaryotes eukaryotes prokaryotes

  36. Includes PROKARYOTESwith peptidoglycan in their cell walls Includes HETEROTROPHICEUKARYOTES with CHITIN in their cell walls Includes HETEROTROPHICEUKARYOTES withoutchloroplasts or cell walls EUBACTERIA ______________ ______________ _______________ Name the KINGDOM FUNGI ANIMALIA

  37. Includes PROKARYOTESWITHOUT peptidoglycan in their cell walls Includes AUTOTROPHICEUKARYOTES with chloroplasts & cellulose in their cell walls Includes EUKARYOTES that aren’t plants, animals, or fungi ______________ ______________ _______________ ARCHAEBACTERIA Name the KINGDOM PLANTAE PROTISTA

  38. COMPARE/CONTRAST THE FOLLOWING YES NO NO NO YES NO NO YES NO YES NO YES

  39. COMPARE/CONTRAST THE FOLLOWING NO YES YES Present in some genes NO YES Severalkinds Several kinds 1 kind YES NO NO

  40. COMPARE/CONTRAST THE FOLLOWING Some chitin Some cellulose Some none Chitin NO cell wall cellulose HETERO& AUTO HETERO HETERO AUTO Most multi;except yeast Multi Both Multi

  41. Flagella, cilia, pseudopods Name the three ways protists move Tell how bacterial flagella are different from eukaryotic flagella Eukaryotic flagella-made from microtubules in 9 + 2 pattern; covered by plasma membrane Bacteria- single filament; no plasma membrane

  42. Which theory proposed by Lynn Margulis explains the origin of eukaryotic mitochondria and chloroplasts? Endosymbiotic theory __________form when algae + fungi live symbiotically LICHENS

  43. Decomposers in ecosystems • Lichens-pioneer species in ecosystems • makes soil from bare rock • Food-mushrooms, morrels • yeast makes bread rise/beer/yogurt • Mycorrhizae-increase plant growth • Antibiotics-penicillin Name some of the beneficial roles fungi play

  44. Asexual-mycelium make spores via mitosis Sexual- diploid zygote formed by fusion of mycelia undergoes meiosis to make spores Tell two ways spores are produced during the fungal lifecycle. Fungi are ____________ heterotrophs autotrophs heterotrophs

  45. The interwoven fungal mass of hyphae that surrounds and infiltrates the material the fungus feeds on is called a ____________ mycelium Fungi spend the majority of their lifecycle as __ organisms. 1n 2n 1n

  46. Mutation Conjugation-”bacterial sex” Plasmid transfer Transformation- pick up ‘naked’ DNA from envrionment Transduction- viruses transfer DNA What are some ways bacteria are modified geneticially

  47. How is gram staining used to distinguish differences in bacterial cell walls? Gram + has peptidoglycan cell wall Gram – has peptidoglycan cell wall covered by lipopolysaccharide layer Process in which nitrates/nitrites in the soil are converted to nitrogen gasin the atmosphere denitrification

  48. Gram negative bacteria are more pathogenic Outer lipopolysaccharide layer is often toxic, protects bacteria against body’s defenses, and resists antibiotics What is the medical significance ofGram-negative bacteria? Small extrachromosomal circular DNAfound in bacteria plasmid

  49. The process by which bacteria convert nitrogen gas in the atmosphere into ammonia is called Nitrogen fixation Cytoplasmic region in bacteria whereDNA is located Nucleoid region

  50. The process by which bacteria convert ammmonia in the soil into nitrates and nitrites is called Nitrification Peptidoglycan is made from whichmolecules? Network of sugar polymers crosslinked by polypeptides

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