Road to the Civil War

1. Road to the Civil War Chapters: 20-21

2. What were the Similarities between North and South?? Similarities: a. shared history, b. interdependent economics, c. future hopes on West. Differences: a. Northern Working class opposed slavery for economic reasons, b. south was very invested in Slavery, c. represented class status, d. ensured reliable labor force, e. south wanted to spread slavery, f. which ever section could control the West would dominate the political and economic, g. North invested in manufacturing.

3. Compromise of 1850 effects?? Missouri Compromise??? Set up the 36� line (maine free, missouri slave) Abolitionists movement grows and turns militant Wilmost-Proviso Compromise of 1850: Question of California raises slave state issue. Came into Union as a free state Other Mexican territory gained would be based on Popular Sovereignty. Stronger Fugitive Slave Law

4. Harriet Beecher Stowe�s Book? Reinforced Regional Stereotypes. Effects on Europe? That�s right, they would not lend support to the South.

5. Gadsen Purchase Needed direct land route to Pacific. Railroad would be the key, but should a transcontinental railroad route run through the North or South?? U.S purchases Mesilla Valley for 10 million and the south boosts its claim to the railroad The Rocky�s were too high for a Northern route.

6. Ostend Manifesto? Tried to buy Cuba from Spain for 120 million, but Northerners thought Pierce was trying to take Cuba as part of a Slave conspiracy.

7. What happened with Kansas-Nebraska??? What was the Problem? Whether or not these new territories/states should be free or slave. Mini civil war over this controversy ? bleeding Kansas idea. Brought that slavery issue again to a high level. Result: Kansas becomes slave, Nebraska Free, ? Repeal of Compromise of 1820. Reactions: Northerners refused to honor Fugitive Slave Laws, antislavery grew significantly, north would be unwilling to compromise on future issues. Republican Party not allowed below Mason-Dixon Line

8. Stephen Douglas and Charles Sumner What was his role in this whole ordeal? He pushed all the legislation through, and his focus was on a Presidential bid, railroad growth, than slavery issues. Charles Sumner canned by Preston Brooks 30 times on the head. Sumner came to symbolize the North and the blows were the first in a broad sense of the Civil War.

9. Breakdown of Political Parties Slavery ? made parties become sectional. Northern, anti-slavery Democrats, joined with anti-slavery Whigs and the anti-Catholic American party to form the Republican party Southern Whigs joined the Democratic party and the Whig party disappeared.

10. Dred Scott Decision??? What was his story? Why did it go to the Supreme Court? Effects on Slaves?? They were not citizens according to the Constitution, therefore could not sue and are property of their owners. Therefore, they could go into any territory as property. Taney�s role: Chief Justice from Jacksonian period, a defender of slavery, helped destroy the BUS

11. Effects of that decision Further split parties sectionally. Northerner�s refused to honor the decision ? Southerners saw this as another cause for disunion. Race struggles.

12. James Buchanan Buchanan chosen as Democratic nominee over Pierce (seen as too weak) Pennsylvanian lawyer who sympathized with southern views. Worsened sectional issues.

13. Abolitionists thoughts? There were two ways of gaining freedom for slaves: 1. Politically 2. violently. Brown, Turner, Vesey and others were of the violent thought. Douglass, was of the first.

14. Lincoln-Douglass Debates Lincoln challenged Douglass to seven debates. Freeport most famous Lincoln forced Douglas about whether or not a territory could vote down slavery despite Dred Scott decision Douglas answered that they could ? leads to a split in his party and an end to his chances at Presidency. Debates catapulted Lincoln to the national level.

15. Lincoln�s Victory Republican platform: nonextension of slavery. Protective tariffs No abridgment of rights for immigrants Pacific Railroad Internal improvements at federal expense Free homesteads from the public domain -Southern Secessionists warned that the election of Lincoln would split the Union

16. Lincoln (continued) Lincoln wins with only 40% of popular votes, most sectional election in history. Lincoln was not allowed on the ballot in 10 southern states. S.C now had reason for secession South still had control of the House and a majority on the Supreme Court.

17. Civil War Fort Sumter first attack, why was it important? Maryland ? what would it have meant to have lost it? Richmond? What would the Confederates place there? Why? What did the South dangle over Europe to try and get them involved? Why didn�t it work?

18. South vs North Leadership? South had best leaders Population: North had at least double the South. South exemptions?? Who was the burden placed on for the South? Industry? Emotions? Britain�s role in feeding the South war machine?

19. Lincoln and his Civil Liberties What were Lincoln�s goals? What was the most irregular of his actions? Why wasn�t Congress involved?