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The Road to Civil War

The Road to Civil War. Sectional Tensions Rise. Economic tensions caused by competing interests. North favored high tariffs to protect industry from foreign competition South opposed tariffs. Tensions Caused by Westward Expansion.

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The Road to Civil War

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  1. The Road to Civil War

  2. Sectional Tensions Rise • Economic tensions caused by competing interests • North favored high tariffs to protect industry from foreign competition • South opposed tariffs

  3. Tensions Caused by Westward Expansion • Compromises occurred in order to keep the balance of “free” and “slave” states • Kept anyone from becoming too powerful

  4. Westward Expansion Tensions • The Missouri Compromise (1820) • Drew an east-west line through the Louisiana Purchase • Slavery prohibited above the line • Slavery allowed below the line • Except that slavery was allowed in Missouri, north of the line.

  5. Westward Expansion Tensions • Compromise of 1850 • California entered as a free state • New Southwestern territories acquired from Mexico decided on their own.

  6. Westward Expansion Tensions • Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) • Repealed Missouri Compromise • Gave people in Kansas and Nebraska a choice to allow slavery or not

  7. Kansas-Nebraska Act • What do you think would be the result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act? • Produced bloody fighting • Leads to birth of the Republican Party

  8. Debates over the Union – State’s Rights • South Carolinians argued that sovereign states could nullify the Tariff of 1832 and other acts of Congress. • A union that allowed state governments to invalidate acts of the national legislature could be dissolved by states seceding from the Union in defense of slavery (Nullification Crisis).

  9. Tensions over Slavery • Slave revolts in Virginia • Led by Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser • Fed white Southerners’ fears about slave rebellions • Led to harsh laws in the South against fugitive slaves. Southerners who favored abolition were intimidated into silence.

  10. Tensions over Slavery • Northerners, led by William Lloyd Garrison, publisher of The Liberator, increasingly viewed the institution of slavery as a violation of Christian principles and argued for its abolition. • Southerners grew alarmed by the growing force of the Northern response to the abolitionists.

  11. Women’s Suffrage Begins • At the same time the abolitionist movement grew, another reform movement took root—the movement to give equal rights to women. • Seneca Falls Declaration – 1848 • Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony

  12. Causes of Civil War • Sectional disagreements over: • Tariffs • Slavery • State’s Rights

  13. Causes of Civil War • Dred Scott Decision (1857) • U.S. Supreme Court rules that slaves are not citizens and do not have the right to sue in court. • Publication of Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852)

  14. Causes of Civil War • Ineffective presidential leadership in the 1850s and many failed compromises over expansion of slavery into the territories. • Secession of southern states and Lincoln’s call for federal troops in 1861

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