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Air Motions and Wind Patterns in Meteorology

Explore various air motions at different altitudes and intriguing meteorological phenomena like fire whirls. Learn about air flow visualization techniques using tracers, the brilliant mind of Lewis Fry Richardson, and ultrasonic wind measurement technology.

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Air Motions and Wind Patterns in Meteorology

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  1. Air Motions at 850 mb

  2. Air Motions at 500 mb

  3. Air Motions at 300 mb

  4. 1) slope flows [Jauregui, Atmosfera, 1988] 2) gap wind [Doran and Zhong, JAM, 2000] 3) density current [Bossert, JAM,1997] Local Meteorology IMADA 1997 radar wind profiler and sounding sites Cuautitlan Teotihuacan 3700 m 2200 m 3500 m Chalco UNAM 4700 m 1300 m

  5. 1 Day = 1 hr = 2 m/s wind speed = 4.48 mph Arrow tail marks the day and the hour of the day

  6. Fire Whirls: Tornado like effects. Fire is a tracer for flow.

  7. FIRE!! Smoke is a tracer for flow.

  8. Burning Brazilian Forest near Ji Parana: Pyrocumulus. Smoke is a tracer for flow. Courtesy Michael Welling, SMOCC 2002, Sept 25

  9. Lewis Fry Richardson, Pacifist, Air Motions Expert, Physicist, Mathematician, Psychologist, Quaker 1881-1953. Big whirls have little whirls that feed on their velocity, and little whirls have lesser whirls and so on to viscosity. (from Jonathan Swift’s "Great fleas have little fleas upon their backs to bite 'em, And little fleas have lesser fleas, and so ad infinitum." (1733)) Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_Fry_Richardson

  10. Laminar to turbulent flow… Air bubbles show flow. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Turbulence.jpg

  11. How does an anemometer work? Count the number of times you see your favorite cup go around…

  12. Put the wind to work for you…

  13. Use Sound to Measure Wind Speed… http://www.vaisala.com/businessareas/instruments/products/wind/ultrasonic%20wind%20measurement%20technology.html

  14. Use Sound to Measure Wind Speed… The equilateral triangle configuration of the three transducers provides three possible sets of basis vectors. The combinations yield bi-directional measurements on the paths labeled A, B and C. These measurements are used to determine the wind velocity components parallel to each of the three paths. http://www.vaisala.com/businessareas/instruments/products/wind/ultrasonic%20wind%20measurement%20technology.html

  15. Speed of Sound in Moist Air. Fraction of water vapor molecules in air of pressure P. Saturation vapor pressure at temperature T. Speed of sound, about 345 meters/second at T = 300 K. Note that water vapor increases the speed of sound (like the effect of breathing helium on your voice.)

  16. Sound Wavelengths Audible sound in blue, ultrasound in yellow. Higher frequency ‘resolves’ finer details, more precise measurements over shorter ranges, more compact instruments. Trade off, eventually absorption of sound in air.

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