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ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND. OBJECTIVES. At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: Describe the position of the pituitary gland. List the structures related to the pituitary gland. Differentiate between the lobes of the gland .

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ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

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  1. ANATOMY OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

  2. OBJECTIVES At the end of the lecture, students should be able to: • Describe the positionof the pituitary gland. • List the structures relatedto the pituitary gland. • Differentiate between the lobes of the gland. • Describe the blood supply of pituitary gland & the hypophyseal portal system.

  3. It is referred to as the master of endocrine glands. It is a small oval structure 1 cm in diameter. PITUITARY GLAND(HYPOPHYSIS CEREBRI)

  4. PITUITARY GLAND X-RAY SKULL: LATERAL VIEW SAGITTAL SECTION OF HEAD & NECK Pituitary gland Hypophyseal fossa Sphenoidal air sinus

  5. POSITION It lies in the middle cranial fossa It is well protected in sellaturcica (hypophysealfossa) of body of sphenoid Sella turcica

  6. it lies between optic chiasma(anteriorly) & mamillary bodies (posteriorly). Optic chiasma Mamillary body Body of sphenoid

  7. A fold of dura mater (Diaphragma sellae) covers the pituitary gland & has an opening for passage of infundibulum (pituitary stalk) connecting the gland to hypothalamus.

  8. SUPERIOR: Diaphragmasellae INFERIOR: Sphenoidal air sinuses LATERAL:Cavernous sinuses IMPORTANT RELATIONS

  9. The gland is subdivided into: 1) Anterior lobe (Adenohypophysis): it is the True gland, Secretes hormones 2) Posterior lobe (Neurohypophysis): connected to hypothalamus through hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract, Stores hormones secreted by hypothalamic nuclei Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract SUBDIVISIONS OF PITUITARY GLAND

  10. ARTERIES: Superior & inferior hypophyseal arteries (branches of internal carotid artery) VEINS:Hypophyseal veins drain into Cavernous Sinuses. BLOOD SUPPLY OF PITUITARY GLAND

  11. DISTRIBUTION OF ARTERIES a hypothalamo- hypophseal portal vessel • Superior hypophyseal: supplies infundibulum & forms a capillary network from which vessels pass downward & form sinusoids into the anterior lobe of pituitary gland (hypophyseal portal system). • Inferior hypophyseal: supplies posterior lobe of pituitary gland.

  12. Hormone-releasing & inhibiting factors produced by hypothalamus use Hypophyseal Portal Systemof vessels to reach the Anterior lobe of pituitary gland ANTERIOR LOBE

  13. The neurohypophysis receives a nerve supply from some of the hypothalamic nuclei (supraoptic& paraventricular) The axons of these nuclei convey their neurosecretionto the Posterior lobe of pituitary gland through Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal tract from where it passes into the blood stream. POSTERIOR LOBE

  14. Thank u

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