New England Colonies

1. New England Colonies PowerPoint Presentation • Massachusetts Bay • Rhode Island • Roger Williams • Puritans

2. Colonizing North America UnitNew England Colonies - PowerPoint Presentation # 4

3. Today’s Thinking Focus How are the governments of Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and Rhode Island different from one another?

4. And the story continues . . . . . • Europeans arrived in “the New World” thus beginning the Columbian Exchange of ideas across the globe! • The Dutch and French set up trading forts in North America. Their “gold” is fur! • The first successful English colony, Jamestown is established in Virginia. They begin growing tobacco. • Separatists (Pilgrims) arrive in Plymouth, Massachusetts and establish the second English colony.

5. In ClassNote-Taking The Massachusetts Bay Colony Listen carefully throughout the PowerPoint discussion and correctly place the information into the Graphic Organizer about Massachusetts Bay Colony.

6. Puritans in Massachusetts • John Winthrop and his followers were part of a religious group known as the Puritans. • Puritans=did NOT want to separate from the Church of England, but hoped to reform the church by introducing simpler forms of worship. • They wanted to do away with the many practices inherited from the Roman Catholic Church, such as organ music, finely decorated churches, and special clothing for priests.

7. Now, don’t get Confused! PURITANS = “pure” Plain looking = Closer to God SEPARATISTS (PILGRIMS) Wanted to “separate” from the Church of England and leave it entirely! PURITANS Wanted to make changes to the Church of England, but NOTleave it entirely!

8. What did the Puritans look like? Plain clothes, no frills, no bold colors This is NOT a Puritan!

9. Hey! Wait a Minute! If the Puritans had it so great in England why did they leave? • The Puritans were a powerful group in England. Many were well-educated and successful merchants or landowners. • Some sat on the House of Commons (England’s government)!

10. King Charles I Charles I, who became king in 1625, disapproved of the Puritans and their ideas. He canceled Puritan business charters and had Puritans expelled from universities. He even had a few Puritans jailed. Young Woman Reading the Bible in a Puritan Jail, New England, 1600s. Two Puritan men jailed in the town square. England 1600’s

11. “Evil and Declining Times” • In 1629, some Puritan leaders were convinced that England had fallen on “evil and declining times.” They wanted to leave the church of England and form their own church. • They persuaded royal officials to grant them a charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company. • The company’s bold plan was to build a new society in New England. • They vowed to base their new society on biblical laws and teachings. • Far from the watchful eye of the king, Puritans would run their colony as they pleased.

12. Others Join In! • Some settlers joined the Massachusetts colonists for economic rather than religious reasons. • In wealthy families, the oldest son usually inherited his father’s estate. • With little hope of owning land, younger sons found opportunities elsewhere. • They were attracted to Massachusetts Bay because it offered cheap land or a chance to start a business.

13. JOE can go to the Americas and live in an English colony! The land is cheap! So he can have what his brother inherited! LAND! This is JOE! He is the third oldest son in his family. His big brother TOM inherited all the land from his father so JOE has nothing! What can JOE do to help his situation? LAND = WEALTH

14. Governing the Colony • In 1629, the Puritans sent a small advance party to North America. • John Winthrop was chosen first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (that was the name they chose to give it.) • Winthrop and his larger party arrived the following year. • Winthrop set an example for others. Although he was governor, he worked hard to build a home, clear land, and plant crops.

15. France owns this land. Remember the Coureurs de bois? Massachusetts Bay Colony

16. “He so encouraged us that there was not an idle (lazy) person to be found in the whole colony.”

17. Winthrop Changes the Voting Rules • Only men who had invested money in the Massachusetts Bay Company had the right to vote. • Most settlers did not invest money and could not vote. They didn’t like taxes and laws being passed where they didn’t have a say. • Winthrop saw this as a problem and decided to allow all church-going men to vote. This kept non-Puritan men out of government. John Winthrop

18. The Great Migration • Under the firm leadership of Winthrop and other Puritans, the Massachusetts Bay Colony grew and prospered. • Between 1629-1640, some 15,000 men, women and children made the journey from England to Massachusetts. • This movement of people is known as the Great Migration. • Major Ports and Cities: Many of the newcomers settled in Boston, which grew into the colony’s largest town. Others settled in Salem and Plymouth. • Main Resources: Iron, Rum and Cattle

19. Puritans were being persecuted in England by Charles I and wanted to worship freely. John Winthrop Lets stop here for a moment and make sure you have all the important information written down in the correct places.

20. In ClassNote-Taking Rhode Island Colony Listen carefully throughout the PowerPoint discussion and correctly place the information into the Graphic Organizer about Rhode Island colony.

21. Settling Rhode Island • Another Puritan who challenged the leaders of Massachusetts Bay was Roger Williams. • A young minister in the village of Salem, Williams was gentle and good-natured. • Most people, including Governor Winthrop, liked him. • Williams' ideas, however, alarmed Puritan leaders. Roger Williams

22. Puritans have too much POWER! • Williams believed that the Puritan church had too much power in Massachusetts. • In Williams’ view, the business of church and government should be completely separate. • “The role of the government,” said Williams, “is to maintain order and peace.” • Williams believed government should NOT support any church.

23. Who has the right to John Winthrop Massachusetts Bay Roger WilliamsRhode Island Colony Thomas HookerConnecticut Colony All white men Only Puritan men who go to church All land owning men

24. Williams is kicked out of Massachusetts! • Williams believed in religious toleration. • Tolerant = willingness to let others practice their own beliefs. • The Puritans in Massachusetts were not permitted to worship freely. • Puritan leaders viewed Williams as a dangerous troublemaker. • In 1635, the General Court ordered him to leave Massachusetts.

25. Williams buys land! • Fearing that the court would send him back to England, Williams fled to Narragansett Bay, where he spent the winter with Indians. • In the Spring, the Indians sold him land for a settlement. • After a few years, it became the English colony of Rhode Island.

26. Rhode Island • In Rhode Island, Williams put into practice his ideas about toleration. He allowed complete freedom of religion for all Protestants, Jews, and Catholics. • He did not set up a church run state or require settlers to attend church services. • He also gave all white men the right to vote. • Before long, settlers who disliked the strict Puritan rule of Massachusetts flocked to Providence and other towns in Rhode Island. • Its major city becomes Newport, and its main resources are Rum and Iron.

28. What does the United States Constitution say about religion and government? United States Constitutional Amendment I Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; January 1, 1802 letter by Thomas Jefferson, addressed to the Danbury Baptist Association in Connecticut, and published in a Massachusetts newspaper. “I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole American people which declared that their legislature should 'make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof,' thus building a wall of separation between Church and State."

29. Today’s Thinking Focus How are the governments of Massachusetts Bay, Connecticut and Rhode Island different from one another?