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Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe

Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY, with additions by Greg Denysenko, Southwest High School, Minneapolis,MN. The Habsburgs & the Holy Roman Empire. Habsburg Family Crest. Habsburg Genealogy. Europe in 1660. Europe in 1800.

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Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe

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  1. Absolutism in Central and Eastern Europe Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY, with additions by Greg Denysenko, Southwest High School, Minneapolis,MN

  2. The Habsburgs & the Holy Roman Empire

  3. Habsburg Family Crest

  4. Habsburg Genealogy

  5. Europe in 1660

  6. Europe in 1800

  7. Austrian Empire: 1657-1718

  8. Leopold I Holy RomanEmperor (r. 1658-1705)

  9. Schönbrunn Palace

  10. Schönbrunn Palace

  11. Schönbrunn Palace

  12. Prince Eugène of Savoy: 1718

  13. Holy Roman Empire: 1750

  14. Features of Austrian Absolutism • Austrian Emperors had their own hereditary lands, where they had absolute rule, and the lands of the Holy Roman Empire, where they had little influence • Landowning class dominated the empire. Serfdom was a feature of Austrian rule until late in its history • Austrian rulers did not tolerate minority religions (except for Jews), all had to practice Catholicism. Counter-reformation active. • Austrian emperors ruled with an iron fist over a multi-national empire of Czechs, Slovaks, Germans, Hungarians, Poles, Ukrainians, Bosnians, Croats, and Romanians

  15. The Hohenzollerns & Brandenburg-Prussia

  16. Prussian Family Crest

  17. Hohenzollern Genealogy (1)

  18. Hohenzollern Genealogy (2)

  19. Prussia & the Austrian Empire: 1721-72

  20. King Frederick I of Prussia (r.1701-1713) Formerly: Frederick III of Brandenburg (r. 1688-1701)

  21. Frederick the Great (r. 1740-1786)

  22. Frederick the Great (r. 1740-1786)

  23. Features of Prussian Absolutism • Militarism: Construction of a very precise and skilled military, society that valued the military and taking orders • Establishment of a ruling class of noble military officers and industrialists (the Junkers) • Highly educated people, the Prussians founded an effective public school system • Frederick II built roads and made public improvements for better commerce • Flirtation with, but not adoption, of the ideals of the Enlightenment, government patronage of science and the arts

  24. Frederick the Great’s Court

  25. Prussian Expansion map

  26. Europe in 1740

  27. The War of the Austrian Succession 1741 - 1748

  28. Charles VI (r. 1711-1740)

  29. Maria Theresa (r.1740-1780) • Promoted financial and educational reforms that led to increased revenue • Military reform created a modern standing army • Promoted religious uniformity, persecuted non-Catholics • Travellers described her empire as “bigoted and superstitious

  30. Maria Theresa & Her Family Her Notable Children: • HRE Joseph II • HRE Leopold II • Queen Marie Antoinette (Fr.)

  31. Joseph II • Co-ruler with Maria Theresa • “Enlightened Despot” • “Patent of Tolerance” giving some religious freedom in 1781 • Abolition of Serfdom in 1781 • Abolition of the Death Penalty in 1789

  32. War of the Austrian Succession

  33. The Romanovs and the Russian Empire

  34. Romanov Family Crest

  35. Early Byzantine Influences:Cyrillic Alphabet

  36. Early Byzantine Influences:Orthodox Christianity

  37. Absolute rule in Russia began with Tsar Ivan I (the Terrible) “Good Ivan” vs. “Bad Ivan?” Ivan was credited with expanding Muscovy’s frontiers and adding Astrakhan and Kazan to Russia Ivan purged the Russian nobility in a reign of terror called the Oprichnina Autocracy in Russia

  38. Territorial Expansion under Ivan IV

  39. Ivan is credited for building St. Basil’s Cathedral in Moscow

  40. Russian Czars ruled from Moscow’s Kremlin until the time of Peter the Great

  41. Russia was a backward kingdom until the ascension of Peter the Great Tsar Peter imported western advisors and built a modern military, which he used in a long and brutal war against Sweden Tsar Peter modernized and reformed the Russian government Czar Peter I (1672-1725)

  42. Peter insisted on reforming, transforming and westernizing his nobility

  43. Czar Peter used forced labor to build a new capital, the city of St. Petersburg, his “Window on the West

  44. Table of Ranks • Encouraged military and civil service • Advancement based on ability, not birth: meritocracy • Made it possible for an individual to rise to the nobility through talent

  45. Czar Peter built lavish palaces in his new capital, such as the Palace at Peterhof

  46. One of Czar Peter’s Successors, Catherine the Great, built the Winter Palace in St. Petersburg

  47. Winter Palace Staircase

  48. Winter Palace Chapel

  49. German origin, but quick to learn Russian customs and adopt Russian Orthodox faith Expanded Russian Empire in Wars with Ottoman Empire Upheld Russian autocracy and turned away from the European Enlightenment after a brief flirtation Empress Catherine the Great

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