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Absolutism in Eastern Europe

Absolutism in Eastern Europe. Lecture ~ 5 (438-450). Objective~ Explain the development of Absolutism in Eastern Europe. Central and Eastern Europe. Economically less advanced than w. Europe Agrarian economy No overseas empires/trade Politically unstable ~ constant conflict

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Absolutism in Eastern Europe

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  1. Absolutism in Eastern Europe Lecture ~ 5 (438-450) Objective~ Explain the development of Absolutism in Eastern Europe

  2. Central and Eastern Europe • Economically less advanced than w. Europe • Agrarian economy • No overseas empires/trade • Politically unstable ~ constant conflict • Three Absolutist powers emerge • Habsburg Austria • Prussia (N. Germany) • Romanov Dynasty- Russia

  3. Poland lacks a Central Government Most Polish monarchs were foreigners or tools (Diet) Sejm - a central legislative body no real power A single veto, (liberum veto), could stop it (exploding the diet) Result = Poland disappears from map in 18th century John III Sobieski at the Battle of Vienna

  4. The Hapsburg Empire and the Pragmatic Sanction • Hapsburg has title of HRE, but no real power • Made up of sep. territories (diverse~ no real central government) • Austria expands • Leopold I, Joseph I, and Charles VI • Pragmatic Sanction – Charles VI legal basis for a single line of inheritance within the Hapsburg dynasty putting his daughter Maria Theresa in charge • Frederick of Prussia invades Hapsburg Empire 1740

  5. Rule of Frederick William, the Great Elector raised taxes to build an army allies (monarch & army) Junkers (German landlords) could enforce serfdom if obedient Successors Son, William I, helps Hapsburgs in War of Spanish Succession Frederick William I – (most successful) made the strongest army in Europe while staying out of war Frederick II or Great – bad decision to invade Silesia started long Austrian-Prussian rivalry over Germany Creating a Modern State~ Prussia

  6. Russia – The Romanov Dynasty (1613-1917) • The Romanov dynasty is established with Tsar Michael Romanov • Lasted for 304 years • Brought stability to Russia Romanov Family Crest

  7. Peter the Great – Early Years • Ensured his power by publicly executing rebels & repressing the boyars (nobility) • Increased the size of the military/navy • The Great Northern War – defeats the Swedes and takes control of Estonia, Livonia, parts of Finland (Baltic coast) • St. Petersburg –built in honor of himself • small versions of Versailles • Had his own son (Aleksei) executed for lack of support

  8. Peter the Great – Later Years • Table of Ranks – social position & privileges more important than lineage • Bought the nobility & Russian Orthodox Church under the Tsar’s rule. • Suppressed church • abolished the bishop ~ puts in its place the Holy Synod (council) • 1725 – Peter dies and leaves no successor • Russia becomes unstable

  9. The Ottoman Government • Largest (stable) political entity to arise in Europe following the Roman Empire • Dominant in Muslim World • Sultans governed through millets – officially recognized religious communities • Religious tolerance? • discrimination = ( higher taxes…(Dhimmis) • Christian boys recruited/raised as Muslims (devshirme) • Served in military (Janissaries) • Brainwashed, well treated slaves

  10. The End of the Ottoman Empire Unsuccessful in expanding their empire Power of the main political figure (vizier) grows and splits up the empire Europe passes the Ottomans in learning, science, & the military

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