Absolutism in Eastern Europe

1. Absolutism in Eastern Europe Review

2. 1. In seventeenth and eighteenth century Prussia, the Junkers supported the monarchy and served in the army in return for: A. the right to sell their lands B. virtually absolute power over their serfs C. control of an independent national parliament D. toleration of their religious diversity E. exemption from all taxes

3. 2. Frederick William, the Great Elector, advocated all of the following policies EXCEPT: A. a uniform currency system B. profitable dynastic marriages C. a citizen militia rather that a standing army D. the migration of Huguenots from France to Prussia E. canal construction

4. 5. All of the following statements are true of seventeenth century Prussia EXCEPT: A. it was thinly populated B. it had poor soil and very few mineral resources C. it was formed of widely scattered territories D. it had it was a flat, open plain E. excellent ports on the Baltic, the Rhine, and the Elbe

5. 6. Which of the following is true about the rulers of BOTH Austria and Prussia during the seventeenth century? A. they maintained permanent standing armies B. they patterned their society after that of the Ottoman Empire C. they succeeded in avoiding war for most of the century D. they created centralized unified nation-states E. they abolished serfdom

6. 10. The reign of Peter the Great of Russia (1682-1725) resulted in which of the following? A. the abolition of the Russian Orthodox Church B. the limited territorial expansion of Russia C. the weakening of serfdom D. a decrease in the tax burden on poor peasants E. the emergence of a wealthy middle class

7. 11. Which of the following was NOT a feature of the reign of Peter the Great? A. wars to expand the boundaries of Russia B. autocratic rule C. reforms to westernize Russia D. expansion of the army E. reforms to retard the spread of serfdom

8. 12. All of the following were measures Peter the Great took to strengthen the Russian monarch's authority EXCEPT: A. establishing control over the Russian Orthodox church B. establishing a parliament modeled on that of England C. copying Western forms of royal administration D. reorganizing the nobility by tying status to royal recognition of rank E. declaring himself emperor

9. 13. Which of the following occurred in Russia between 1530 and 1715? I. a strengthening of the power of the czars II. the expansion of Russia to the Pacific III. the establishment of closer cultural ties with western Europe A. I only B. II and III only C. II only D. I, II, and III

10. 13. Which of the following occurred in Russia between 1530 and 1715? I. a strengthening of the power of the czars II. the expansion of Russia to the Pacific III. the establishment of closer cultural ties with western Europe A. I only B. II and III only C. II only D. I, II, and III

11. 15. In response to the problems of the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, the landlords of eastern Europe A. offered better economic terms to their peasants. B. used political power to gain control of the peasants. C. renounced their traditional control of local justice. D. imported labor from western Europe.

12. 17. The administration of justice in eastern Europe generally was A. in the hands of trained jurists working for the monarch. B. controlled by local landlords. C. the basis of the monarch's reforms. D. relegated to the local clergy.

13. 18. The importance and liberty of eastern European towns were undermined, in large part, by A. nobles selling agricultural commodities directly to foreign capitalists. B. the enserfment of the peasants. C. the creation of royal monopolies on trade. D. the depopulation resulting from the Black Death.

14. 18. The importance and liberty of eastern European towns were undermined, in large part, by A. nobles selling agricultural commodities directly to foreign capitalists. B. the enserfment of the peasants. C. the creation of royal monopolies on trade. D. the depopulation resulting from the Black Death.

15. 19. As a result of the revolt by the Bohemian nobility in 1618, • the native Bohemian nobility was wiped out. • Bohemia gained independence from the Habsburgs. C. the Habsburgs allowed Protestants to worship. D. the Bohemian parliament gained power over taxation.

16. 20. Absolute monarchs in eastern Europe monopolized power in all of the following areas EXCEPT A. taxation. B. the military. C. foreign policy. D. justice.

17. 21. In the aftermath of the siege of Vienna in 1683, the Habsburgs A. were forced to relinquish Bohemia. B. conquered most of Hungary and Transylvania. C. reestablished the parliaments of Bohemia and Syria. D. pursued a peaceful relationship with the Ottoman Empire.

18. 22. The Thirty Years' War served as a catalyst for the development of absolutism in A. Spain. B. Prussia. C. the Ottoman Empire. D. France.

19. 22. The Thirty Years' War served as a catalyst for the development of absolutism in A. Spain. B. Prussia. C. the Ottoman Empire. D. France.

20. 24. What was necessary for the smooth functioning of the Ottoman social and political organization? A. the subjugation and conversion of Christian peasants. B. control of the trade routes between Asia and Europe. C. peace and prosperity. D. continuous territorial expansion.

21. 25. Which of the following was true of the Ottoman Empire? A. the hereditary nobility monopolized political and social power. B. Christians were systematically converted to Islam. C. there was virtually no such thing as private property. D. there was strict separation of church and state.

22. 25. Which of the following was true of the Ottoman Empire? A. the hereditary nobility monopolized political and social power. B. Christians were systematically converted to Islam. C. there was virtually no such thing as private property. D. there was strict separation of church and state.

23. 26. The hereditary provinces of the Habsburg state included all of the following EXCEPT A. Brandenburg. B. Austria. C. Hungary. D. Bohemia.

24. 28. All of the following were factors in the Hungarians' fight against Habsburg absolutism EXCEPT A. the strength of the Protestant faith in Hungary. B. an alliance with the Turks. C. the commercial and industrial strength of Hungary. D. early adherence to a national ideal.

25. 28. All of the following were factors in the Hungarians' fight against Habsburg absolutism EXCEPT A. the strength of the Protestant faith in Hungary. B. an alliance with the Turks. C. the commercial and industrial strength of Hungary. D. early adherence to a national ideal.

26. 30. In the years after 1713, the former Spanish holdings and its influences in Italy passed into the hands of: A. France B. Austria C. Prussia D. the kingdom of Savoy

27. 30. In the years after 1713, the former Spanish holdings and its influences in Italy passed into the hands of: A. France B. Austria C. Prussia D. the kingdom of Naples

28. 31. The accomplishments of Frederick William the Great Elector include all of the following EXCEPT A. abolition of serfdom. B. establishment of a standing army. C. introduction of permanent taxation without consent D. reduction of the power and independence of towns and cities.

29. 32. During the constitutional struggle between Frederick William the Great Elector and the Prussian nobility, A. the nobles allied with the towns. B. the nobles put national interest above personal interests. C. war and invasion strengthened Frederick William's hand. D. the estates gained control of taxation.

30. 32. During the constitutional struggle between Frederick William the Great Elector and the Prussian nobility, A. the nobles allied with the towns. B. the nobles put national interest above personal interests. C. war and invasion strengthened Frederick William's hand. D. the estates gained control of taxation.

31. 33. Frederick I the Ostentatious is remembered for his A. administrative reforms. B. creation of Prussian militarism. C. efforts to control the exploitation of the Prussian peasants. D. slavish imitation of Louis XIV and acquisition of the royal title of king.

32. 34. The accomplishments of Frederick William I included all of the following EXCEPT the A. inculcation of militaristic values into the entire society. B. establishment of an honest bureaucracy. C. conquest of new territories. D. recruitment of the Prussian nobility to serve in his army.

33. 34. The accomplishments of Frederick William I included all of the following EXCEPT the A. inculcation of militaristic values into the entire society. B. establishment of an honest bureaucracy. C. conquest of new territories. D. recruitment of the Prussian nobility to serve in his army.

34. 35. The policies and actionsof Frederick William I were based on his belief that the welfare of the king and state depended on the A. army. B. agrarian economy. C. bureaucracy. D. nobility.

35. 36. The most enduring legacy of Frederick William I was A. the establishment of a first-rate bureaucracy. B. his foundation for the most militaristic country of modern times. C. his decision to transform the peasants into serfs. D. the acquisition of the royal title.

36. 37. In return for its services in the army and government, the Prussian nobility (Junkers): A. was exempted from all taxation B. was given a monopoly of government offices C. received a majority of the seats in the Estates General D. was given a free hand over the peasantry

37. 37. In return for its services in the army and government, the Prussian nobility (Junkers): A. was exempted from all taxation B. was given a monopoly of government offices C. received a majority of the seats in the Estates General D. was given a free hand over the peasantry

38. 38. All of the following characterized Brandenburg-Prussia between 1640-1740 EXCEPT: A. government-dominated economic life B. territorial consolidation C. privileged position for the military D. privileged position for the Junkers E. religious persecution

39. 38. All of the following characterized Brandenburg-Prussia between 1640-1740 EXCEPT: A. government-dominated economic life B. territorial consolidation C. privileged position for the military D. privileged position for the Junkers E. religious persecution

40. 39. The population of St. Petersburg was A. compelled by Peter to reside there. B. drawn to the new capital by its beauty. C. composed almost exclusively of government officials. D. composed of mostly foreigners who had built the city.

41. 42. Which of the following statements about the conquests of the Mongols is NOT true: A. the Poles and Germans were defeated by the horde of Batu Khan B. the Mamluks of Egypt were subjugated in 1260 C. the Abbasids caliphate was brought to an end in 1258 D. their impact in Russia fell most heavily upon Moscow

42. 42. Which of the following statements about the conquests of the Mongols is NOT true: A. the Poles and Germans were defeated by the horde of Batu Khan B. the Mamluks of Egypt were subjugated in 1260 C. the Abbasids caliphate was brought to an end in 1258 D. their impact in Russia fell most heavily upon Moscow

43. 43. Which of the following was NOT a factor in Moscow's rise to a position of dominance in Russia? A. geographical position B. a series of able princes C. it always opposed the Mongols D. support of the Russian church

44. 43. Which of the following was NOT a factor in Moscow's rise to a position of dominance in Russia? A. geographical position B. a series of able princes C. it always opposed the Mongols D. support of the Russian church

45. 44. The concept of servicesto the state on the part of nobles of Russia became universal during the reign of: A. Ivan the Terrible B. Peter the Great C. Ivan III D. Michael Romanov

46. 45. The oprichnina or secret police, created by Ivan the Terrible, was used by him to: A. bring the church under his control B. break the will of the noble class C. drive the Mongols or Tatars from all Russian lands D. establish the power of Moscow in Poland

47. 45. The oprichnina or secret police, created by Ivan the Terrible, was used by him to: A. bring the church under his control B. break the will of the noble class C. drive the Mongols or Tatars from all Russian lands D. establish the power of Moscow in Poland

48. 46. Czar Michael Romanov came to the throne of Russia as a result of A. a military coup B. the influence of the church C. the intervention of the Poles D. an election by the nobles

49. 47. The Romanov dynasty ruled Russia from 1613 until: A. Peter the Great gained the throne B. the time of Catherine the Great C. the Crimean War D. the Russian Revolution of 1917

50. 47. The Romanov dynasty ruled Russia from 1613 until: A. Peter the Great gained the throne B. the time of Catherine the Great C. the Crimean War D. the Russian Revolution of 1917