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HLT31507 CERTIFICATE III IN NUTRITION & DIETETIC ASSISTANCE

HLT31507 CERTIFICATE III IN NUTRITION & DIETETIC ASSISTANCE. Week 03 SKIN & BODY MEMBRANES delivered by: Mary-Louise Dieckmann. Functions: Lining cavities Protects organs Covers body surfaces Lubricates body surfaces. Body Membranes. Two Classifications: Epithelial Membranes

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HLT31507 CERTIFICATE III IN NUTRITION & DIETETIC ASSISTANCE

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  1. HLT31507 CERTIFICATE III IN NUTRITION & DIETETIC ASSISTANCE Week 03 SKIN & BODY MEMBRANES delivered by: Mary-Louise Dieckmann

  2. Functions: Lining cavities Protects organs Covers body surfaces Lubricates body surfaces Body Membranes

  3. Two Classifications: Epithelial Membranes Cutaneous membrane Mucous membrane Serous membrane Connective Membranes Classifications of Body Membranes

  4. Cutaneous membrane = the skin Dry membrane Outermost protective boundary Superficial Epidermis Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Dermis (underneath) Dense connective tissue Cutaneous Membrane

  5. Lines all body cavities open to exterior body surface Adapted for absorption or secretion Mucous Membranes

  6. Lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body Always occurs in pairs Serous layers separated by serous fluid Serous Membranes

  7. Synovial membranes that cushion or protect their structures Contain no epithelial cells Line fibrous capsules – synovial joints, bursae and tendon sheaths Connective Membranes

  8. Skin (cutaneous membrane) Skin derivatives: Sweat glands Oil glands Hair Nails The Integumentary System

  9. Protects deeper tissue from: Mechanical, chemical, bacterial and thermal damage Ultraviolet radiation Desiccation Aids in heat regulation Aides in excretion of urea and uric acid Synthesizes Vitamin D Functions of the Skin

  10. Epidermis – outer layer Stratified squamous epithelium. Avascular and most cells are keratinocytes Four or five layers (four mostly, five on palms of hands and soles of feed) Dermis – underlying layer Dense connective Tissue Hypodermis – not part of the skin Anchors skin to underlying organs, mostly comprised of adipose tissue Structure of the Skin

  11. Stratum basale Stratum spinosum Stratum granulosum Stratum lucidum (only in thick skin) Stratum corneum Epidermis

  12. Pigment produced by melanocytes Yellow, to brown to black Mostly found in stratum basale Amount of melanin produced depends on genetics and exposure to sunlight Melanin

  13. Two layers: Papillary layer Projections known as dermal papillae Pain receptors Capillary loops Reticular layer Blood vessels Nerve receptors Glands Dermis

  14. Skin Structure

  15. Melanin Yellow, brown or black pigments Carotene Orange-yellow pigment (from vegetables) Haemoglobin Red colouring from blood cells in dermis Oxygen content determines extent of red colouring Colour Determinants

  16. Sebaceous glands: Produce oil – lubricates the skin and kills bacteria Most glands have ducts that empty into hair follicles Glands activated at puberty Skin Derivatives

  17. Sweat Glands Widely distributed across the body Two types: Eccrine – open via duct to pore on skin surface Apocrine – duct empties into hair follicles Skin Derivatives

  18. Composition: Mostly water and some metabolic waste Fatty acids and proteins in apocrine glands Function: Helps dissipate excess heat and excrete waste products Acidic nature inhibits the growth of bacteria Odour is from bacteria on skin Sweat

  19. Infections: Athletes foot (fungal infection) Boils and carbuncles (bacterial infection) Cold Sores (virus) Contact dermatitis (allergic reaction) Impetigo (bacterial infection) Psoriasis (cause unknown, can be triggered by trauma, infection or stress) Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skin

  20. Burns Tissue damage and cell death caused by heat, electricity, chemicals or UV radiation Associated dangers include: Dehydration Electrolyte imbalance Circulatory shock Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skin

  21. Skin Cancer Two types – benign (encapsulated) and malignant (metastasized) Most common type of cancer Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skin

  22. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) Least malignant and most common type Arises from stratus basale Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) Arises from stratum spinosum and metastasizes to lymph nodes – early removal allows good chance of a cure Melanoma Most deadly of skin cancer – cancer of melanocytes Metastasizes rapidly to lymph and blood vessels Detected using ABCD rule Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skin

  23. ABCD Rule:A – Asymmetry (two sides of pigmented mole do not match) B – Border irregularity (borders of mole are not smooth) C – Colour (different colours in pigmented area) D – Diameter (sport is larger than 6mm in diameter) Homeostatic Imbalances of the Skin

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