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BIG. the . Four. Organic Compounds. The BIG Four. There are four organic compounds that are essential to our cells for life. Three of the four are found on all food labels. Lipids (or fats). Carbohydrates. Proteins. LIPIDS. Where they are found. What they do. What they are made of.

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  1. BIG the Four Organic Compounds

  2. The BIG Four • There are four organic compounds that are essential to our cells for life. Three of the four are found on all food labels. Lipids (or fats) Carbohydrates Proteins

  3. LIPIDS Where they are found What they do What they are made of How they help

  4. CARBOHYDRATES Where they are found What they do What they are made of How they help

  5. PROTEINS Where they are found What they do What they are made of How they help

  6. LIPIDS: What they do • INSULATE the body to maintain normal body temperature • CUSHION the internal organs for protection. • Produce hormones for the body called STEROIDS • WATERPROOF surfaces of animals, plants, and fruits- these are waxes! (Yes, beeswax and your earwax too!)

  7. LIPIDS: Where they are found • Oils, butters, margarine

  8. LIPIDS: What they are made of • Lipids are chains (polymers) made of monomers. The most common monomer of lipids is… TRIGLYCERIDES • Lipids are shaped like the letter “E”

  9. LIPIDS: How they help • Source of STORED ENERGY (long-term energy )

  10. CARBOHYDRATES: What they do • They are the main source for the body to gain energy. They are our fuel!

  11. CARBOHYDRATES: Where they are found • Cookies, candy, fruits, sugar, breads, potatoes, vegetables

  12. CARBOHYDRATES: What they are made of • Carbohydrates are chains (polymers) made of monomers. The most common monomer of carbohydrates is… • GLUCOSE • Glucose is called a monosaccharide

  13. CARBOHYDRATES: How they help • They function in short-term energy storage for animals and plants

  14. PROTEINS: What they do • Major structural molecules in living things for growth and repair: muscles, ligaments, tendons, bones, hair, skin, nails

  15. PROTEINS: Where they are found • Eggs, fish, chicken, meats, milk, fruits, vegetables, nuts, and grains

  16. PROTEINS: What they are made of • Proteins are made of long chains (polymers) made of monomers. All proteins are made of the monomer… • AMINO ACID

  17. PROTEINS: How they help • Present in all cell membranes • Make antibodies in the immune system • Make enzymes for helping chemical reactions • Make non-steroid hormones (ex: insulin that breaks down sugar in your bloodstream) • Make hemoglobin, which carries oxygen in your blood

  18. The Fourth Organic Compound • Nucleic Acid Where they are found What they do What they are made of How they help

  19. Nucleic Acids: What they do • Make up DNA

  20. Nucleic Acids: Where they are found • In every living cell, often in the nucleus

  21. Nucleic Acids: What they are made of • Nucleic Acids are chains (polymers) made of monomers. Nucleic acids are made up of • Nucleotides

  22. Nucleic Acids: How they help • Instructions for our body’s cells. • Something we will learn more about when we study DNA

  23. In Summary, the BIG four organic compounds are: • Lipids • Carbohydrates • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

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