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Social - Cognition

Social - Cognition. Personality Reflects Internal Representations. Social Cognition. Emphasis on internal cognitive processes (like Kelly) How do we make sense of our social world? Internal representations rather than external reality No direct access to social world; entirely mediated

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Social - Cognition

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  1. Social - Cognition Personality Reflects Internal Representations

  2. Social Cognition • Emphasis on internal cognitive processes (like Kelly) • How do we make sense of our social world? • Internal representations rather than external reality • No direct access to social world; entirely mediated • Empirical; emphasis on memory and perceptions

  3. Schemas • Knowledge Structure • Organized set of constructs • Relevant for a particular domain • Roles, events, etc. • Activated schemas: • Influence memory • Influence perceptions

  4. Schemas - Memory • Claudia Cohen • 2-part study • Part 1 – determine schema content

  5. Part 1: Schema content Country Music Europe Classical Music Harlequin Romance Beer Cultured Un-cultured History Novel Wine Graceland Librarian Waitress Introverted Extroverted

  6. Part II: Memory effects • Created ambiguous video • ½ waitress consistent (e.g., beer) • ½ librarian consistent (e.g., Motzart) • Ps watch video • Told to form impression • One-half told: • woman is waitress • woman is librarian

  7. Memory Effect Results • Ps given surprise memory test • Told: • Waitress Waitress behaviors • Librarian Librarian behaviors Better memory for schema consistent info.

  8. Memory Effects: Implications and Limitations • Stereotype Maintenance • Cognitive explanations • Effect due to: • Selective encoding • Selective retrieval • Exceptions? • Stereotype change?

  9. Schemas - Perception • Activated schema influences perceptions • View others differently as function of different schemas • Differential encoding and interpretation • Langer and Abelson – Mental Patient Schema

  10. Perception: Mental Patient Schema • Create ambiguous audiotape • Employment or psychiatric interview • Older man interviewing younger man • e.g., asks about his past, employment future • Ps Ph.D clinical psychologists • Either Psychodynamic or Behavioral • Listened to one tape and provided assessment • Assessments coded for overall psychological functioning

  11. Mental Patient Schema-Results Psychodynamic Behavioral Therapists Therapists Employment Interview 6.2 6.3 Psychiatric Interview 3.6 5.6 Same external reality; different internal representation

  12. Implications • Our social world is mediated • We don’t interact with other people; we interact with our perceptions of other people • Acting on our internal representations can sometimes influence others’ behaviors (and vice-versa) • Elicit behaviors consistent with beliefs • Self-fulfilling prophecy (Rosenthal)

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