The American Revolution and Georgia Statehood

1. The American Revolution and Georgia Statehood Unit 4 Chapter 8 Mr. Lamm

2. The Clash of Britain and American Ideas • Britain planned to pay off its debt from the French and Indian War by passing new tax laws. • The Townshend Act placed taxes on such items as glass, lead, paper, and paint that came into the colonies.

3. The Clash of Britain and American Ideas • The Stamp Act required all printed paper used in the colonies to have a tax stamp.

4. The Clash of Britain and American Ideas • Americans resented British efforts to impose new laws and taxes on the colonies because: • Colonists were being taxed by Parliament not by elected representatives • Colonists’ rights as British citizens were ignored • Colonists could not elect representatives to Parliament

5. The Clash of Britain and American Ideas • The Boston Massacre takes place in 1770.

6. The Clash of Britain and American Ideas • The incident that led to the Boston Tea Party in 1773 was when Parliament gave one British company exclusive rights (monopoly) to sell tea in America.

7. The Clash of Britain and American Ideas • The British responded to the Boston Tea Party by passing the “Intolerable Acts.” • The “Intolerable Acts” closed the Boston port,did not allow the people of Massachusetts to have their own government, and required all colonist to feed and house British soldiers. • In reaction to colonial protests and violence, Parliament passed more laws to punish the colonists, Britain sent troops to enforce the laws, and colonists had to feed and house British soldiers.

8. The Clash of Britain and American Ideas • Georgia was slow in joining the revolutionary cause because: • Georgia had grown and prospered under royal governor Sir James Wright • Many Georgians had become wealthy from trade with Great Britain • The Georgia colony did not have a long history of self-government

9. The Clash of Britain and American Ideas • Nancy Hart was known for her loyalty to the Whig cause. • Whigs (patriots) did not support the king. • Tories (loyalists) and citizens in England did support the king.

10. The Independence Movement in Georgia • The war for American Independence began at Lexington and Concord, in Massachusetts.

11. The Independence Movement in Georgia • Georgia’s first legislature was called the Provincial Congress. • When the Whigs took over Georgia’s Government, Governor Wright escaped. • Georgia’s first constitution, a temporary one, was called the Rules and Regulations.

12. The Independence Movement in Georgia • The signers of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia were Button Gwinnett, Lyman Hall, and George Walton. • The Declaration of Independence was signed and adopted on July 4, 1776.

14. Lyman Hall

15. George Walton

16. The Independence Movement in Georgia • Georgia’s state constitution of 1777 provided for: • Eight counties • A governor with a one-year term of office • Three branches of government

17. The Independence Movement in Georgia • John Adam Treutlen was Georgia’s first constitutional governor.

18. War Comes to Georgia • Austin Dabney was a slave who fought for the patriots (Whigs.)

19. War Comes to Georgia • Elijah Clarke was the commander at Kettle Creek. • The Battle of Kettle Creek was a moral victory for Georgia patriots.

20. War Comes to Georgia • Count Casimir Pulaski fought for the Americans in the Siege of Savannah.

21. Building a New Nation • The Articles of Confederation (a formal basis for the union) set up a unicameral legislature, did not allow Congress to levy (impose) taxes, and each state had an equal vote in Congress.

22. Building a New Nation William Few Abraham Baldwin

23. Building a New Nation • William Few and Abraham Baldwin were the only delegates from Georgia who signed the U. S. Constitution. • Georgia was the fourth state to ratify the constitution of the U. S.

24. Building a New Nation • There are two concepts that are a part of the Georgia and U. S. Constitution: • Three branches of government • Separation of powers Checks and Balances are only a part of the U. S. Constitution.

25. Building a New Nation • The compromise that resulted in the U. S. Congress consisting of two houses – the House of Representatives and the Senate – was called the Great Compromise which was prompted by Abraham Baldwin’s vote at the Constitutional Convention.

26. Growth and Prosperity Chapter 9 Mr. Lamm

27. Georgia’s Land Area Expands • Alabama and Mississippi were carved out of Georgia’s western territory.

28. Georgia’s Land Area Expands • The first U.S. census was taken in 1790. • A census is an official count of the population.

30. Georgia’s Land Area Expands Cotton Gin

31. Georgia’s Land Area Expands Cotton Gin Press

32. Georgia’s Land Area Expands • Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin.

33. Georgia’s Land Area Expands • By 1773, the Creeks and Cherokees gave up over 2 million acres of their land in order to repay their debt to white traders.

34. Georgia’s Land Area Expands • The first way the Georgia’s government distributed land was by the headright system. • The headright system was one method used. Under this system, the head of a family received 200 acres of land plus 50 acres for each of his family members. • Plats were drawn to show maps of the land lots.

35. Georgia’s Land Area Expands • Georgia’s capital moved many times in order to stay in the center of the state’s population.

36. Georgia’s Land Area Expands

37. Georgia’s Land Area Expands • The first state-chartered university in the United States was The University of Georgia. Who let the Dawgs out!

38. Georgia’s Land Area Expands • The Yazoo Land Fraud occurred when land speculators bribed members of the General Assembly to sell public land to them for low prices. • Later the law authorizing the Yazoo Land sale was repealed (abolished)and burned at Georgia’s capital in Louisville.

39. Georgia’s Land Area Expands • The final result of the Yazoo Land Fraud was the national government took over the Yazoo lands, paid $1,250,000 to Georgia, and agreed to remove all Indians from Georgia. • After 1802, Georgia’s boundaries were pretty much what they are today.

40. Georgia’s Land Area Expands • Land lotteries are going to become the way that government distributes land. • The land lots issued under the headright system were larger than those lots issued under the lottery system. • A lottery is a drawing for a prize. • Not everyone who participated in the land lottery received land. • People who won land in the lottery were known as fortunate drawers.

41. Government Encourages Economic Growth • 3 factors that encouraged economic growth were the invention of the cotton gin, the plantation system, and the building of railroads. • The river that linked the backcountry to the ocean was the Savannah. • There were 4 important trade centers built along the Fall Line: Milledgeville, Augusta, Macon, and Columbus.

42. Government Encourages Economic Growth • Steamboats were very important because they could travel up and down rivers.

43. Government Encourages Economic Growth • Georgia needed railroads because: • Better and cheaper transportation • Goods could be received even in the west • Inland cotton delivered to market at profit • The state became involved in railroad building because: 1. it was very expensive 2. money for construction was limited.

44. Government Encourages Economic Growth • The Georgia Railroad connected Augusta and Atlanta.

45. Government Encourages Economic Growth • Atlanta was not a planned city. • The first name of Atlanta was Terminus. • Terminus means end. • Atlanta was called the “Gate City” because it was the main link between the Atlantic coast and the Midwest.

46. Conflict Over Indian Lands Chapter 10 Mr. Lamm

47. Conflicting Views • European settlers who came to America were looking for land. • Indians believed land could be used but never owned. • Many Indian leaders had Indian mothers and white fathers.

48. Conflicting Views • Cherokees lived mostly in Georgia.

49. The Creeks • The Creeks were sometimes referred to as Muscogees.

50. The Creeks Alexander McGillivray was a Creek chief who fought for Creek land. • A Creek chief was known as the mico.