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PBIO 427/527: Molecular Genetics Lecture 1 - Review

PBIO 427/527: Molecular Genetics Lecture 1 - Review. Molecular Genetics-terminology & milestones DNA is the genetic material DNA structure Central Dogma. Terminology. Biotechnology -production of goods and services using biological organisms, systems, and processes

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PBIO 427/527: Molecular Genetics Lecture 1 - Review

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  1. PBIO 427/527: Molecular GeneticsLecture 1 - Review Molecular Genetics-terminology & milestones DNA is the genetic material DNA structure Central Dogma

  2. Terminology • Biotechnology-production of goods and services using biological organisms, systems, and processes • Recombinant DNA technology-a set of techniques for manipulating DNA, including: the identification and cloning of genes; the study of the expression of cloned genes; and the production of large quantities of gene product • Genetic engineering-the process of transferring DNA from one organism into another that results in a genetic modification • Molecular biotechnology-rDNA technology + biotechnology • Molecular genetics-the study of the inheritance and expression of traits at the molecular level with the most important molecules here being DNA, RNA and protein

  3. Milestones in molecular genetics 1928-Fred Griffith provides evidence for a genetic transforming factor (DNA) 1944-Avery, MacLeod & McCarty determine DNA is the genetic material 1952-Hershey & Chase also determine that DNA is the genetic material 1953-Watson & Crick determine the structure of DNA 1970-First restriction endonuclease isolated 1973-Boyer & Cohen establish recombinant DNA technology 1976-DNA sequencing techniques developed 1980-U.S. Supreme Court rules that genetically modified micro-organisms can be patented 1981-First DNA synthesizers sold 1988-PCR method published 1990-Human genome project initiated 1996-Complete DNA sequence of a eukaryote (yeast) determined 1997-Nuclear cloning of a mammal (a sheep named Dolly) 2000-Arabidopsis genome sequenced 2001-Human genome sequenced 2002-Complete human gene microarrays (gene chips) available

  4. Evidence that DNA is the genetic material (Griffith-1928; Avery, McLeod & McCarty-1944) Heat-killed S extract + DNase + R  Mouse Lives Heat-killed S extract + RNase + R  Mouse Dies Heat-killed S extract + Protease + R  Mouse Dies

  5. Evidence that DNA is the genetic material (Hershey & Chase-1944)

  6. Chemical structure of DNA & RNA

  7. Chemical structure of dsDNA

  8. Chemical structure of dsDNA

  9. Central Dogma of Biology transcription translation $$$ DNA RNA Protein reverse transcription Molecular Biotechnology DNA replication

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