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South America History and Present Day

South America History and Present Day. Objective 1: To summarize the history of South America. Objective 2:To explain present day issues in South America. History. Most explorers looking for El Dorado Spanish colonized most areas.

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South America History and Present Day

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  1. South AmericaHistory and Present Day Objective 1: To summarize the history of South America. Objective 2:To explain present day issues in South America.

  2. History • Most explorers looking for El Dorado • Spanish colonized most areas. • Other European nations got involved with the region. (ex. British in Guyana, Dutch in Suriname) • Millions of deaths of the Native population • Began importing slaves from Africa • Creation of the Mestizos

  3. Colombian Exchange

  4. Independence and Conflict • Simon Bolivar – leads many to independence from the Spanish. • Massive oil wealth in Venezuela but inequality amongst many. • Paramilitaries (def?) in many South American states. What current issues cause conflict in South America?

  5. Present Day • Latin America – areas of the Americas influenced by the cultures of Spain, France, or Portugal. • Diverse cultures (influences from Africa, U.S., France, and even India!) and varied governments. • Environmental concerns – oil spills and leaks (Lake Maracaibo), deforestation, pesticide use)

  6. Land Subsidence – sinking of the ground. Due to decades of draining underground oilfields.

  7. Present Conflicts and Tensions • Ethnic tensions (Suriname conflict between ethnic Asians and Africans) • Colombia – civil war against insurgents who have been hiding in the mountains

  8. Andes and the Pampas • Climate – El Niño and La Niña, the former causes heavy rains every few years.

  9. Vertical Climate Zones • Near the Equator – climate is hot up to 4,900 feet. The higher you go, the cooler it gets.

  10. Land Use

  11. Geography and History • Andes are difficult to cross, causing isolation amongst members of society, today there are few east-west roads. • Fertile Pampas attracted settlement and helped create wealth in Argentina. • Hot lowlands forced people to settle in the Andes and in northern areas.

  12. Incan Empire • Largest empire in the Americas • Advanced society with paved roads and planned agriculture. • Conquered by Francisco Pizarro in 1532. What gave the Spanish an advantage? Have we seen this before?

  13. Mercantilism

  14. Present Day Issues and Economies • Logging and gold mining are damaging tropical forests. • Urban pollution. • Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay are richest nations in the region. Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia are poorest

  15. More diversified economies in the region. • Strengthening economic ties with one another. • MERCOSUR – free trade agreement signed by Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, and Paraguay. (Mercado Comun del Sur “Southern Common Market”) • Andean Community of Nations signed by Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru • U.S.-Chile Free Trade Agreement

  16. Government Reforms • Referendum – allows voters to choose whether a new constitution or new laws are to be accepted • Ex. Chile’s return to democracy in 1990 was triggered by 1989 referendum and to amend (make changes) to the constitution.

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