Earth Science Practice

1. Earth Science Practice

2. The layer of the Earth that we live on is called • The Crust

3. The layer of the Earth that is made is a mostly iron, solid ball is called: • The Inner Core

4. The layer of the Earth that is soft, plastic and allows tectonic plates to move around is called • The Upper Mantle

5. Most tsunamis are caused by… • Underwater earthquakes

6. The 4 different ways that the plates can interact with each other are…

7. 2. 2 continental plates can move towards each other and crash into each other, and push each other up. 1. Move away from each other 3. An ocean plate can subduct (dive under) a continental plate pushing the continental plate up 4. 2 plates moving in opposite directions slide past each other

8. A very deep part of the ocean that forms at convergent plate boundaries where an oceanic plate is going under a continental plate is called • A Trench

9. What are the tectonic plates doing at a Transform Plate Boundary? • They are sliding past each other, in opposite directions.

10. An underwater mountain range where hot magma rises up through a gap between 2 oceanic plates is called • A mid-ocean ridge

11. When tectonic plates move away from each other, what type of plate boundary is formed? • Divergent plate boundary

12. What can happen on Earth at a Divergent Plate Boundary? • New crust being formed • Rifting of continents • Earthquakes

13. When Continental Plates move toward each other and crash into each other, what type of Plate Boundary is formed? • Convergent Plate Boundary

14. When 2 Continental plates crash into each other, what can happen on Earth? • Mountain forming • Earthquakes

15. When an Ocean Plate subducts (moves under) a Continental Plate, what type of Plate Boundary is formed? • Convergent Plate Boundary

16. When an Ocean Plate subducts (moves under) a Continental Plate, what can happen on Earth? • Volcanoes, mountains and trenches can form • Earthquakes can occur

17. The 3 types of evidence that the current continents were once a supercontinent are: • Evidence from Landforms • Evidence from Fossils • Evidence from Climate

18. Evidence from Landforms – Same types of _______ _______ in South America and ________ lined up • Mountain ranges • Africa European _________ matched similar ones in ________________. • Coalfields • North America

19. Wegener found Fossils of a ____-like plant called Glossopteris in _______, ________, _______, _______, _________ • Fern • Africa • South America • Australia • India • Antarctica

20. ______ found fossils of ______ plants near the _______ Ocean where it is now freezing cold. He also found scratches left in _____ made by glaciers in ________ where it is now hot. • Wegener • Tropical • Arctic • Rocks • South Africa

21. This part of the earth is located 5100km below the Earth’s surface. • Inner Core

22. How old is the Earth? • 4.6 Billion years old or 4600 million years old

23. This part of the earth is solid and extremely hot. • Lower Mantle

24. What proportion of the Earth’s life have hominids been around? Give a numerical and non-numerical answer. • Hominids have been around for around 5 million years, which is about 0.1% of the Earth’s history or a very tiny amount of time, like….. (INSERT your own simile or metaphor)

25. What is the name of the Earth’s most recent Supercontinent? • Pangaea

26. Spins at a different rate to the rest of the plantet. • Inner Core

27. Describe the Earth’s climate and how it has been changing since the Earth was created. • Initially, the Earth’s climate was very hot and then it cooled down. Since then the Earth has been cycling between warm periods and ice ages.

28. Made up of silicon, iron, magnesium, oxygen and more. • Mantle

29. Describe the continents and how they have been moving since the Earth was created until now. • Initially there were no continents because the Earth was extremely hot and most substances were either liquids or gases. After millions of years, the Earth cooled down, then volcanic islands formed which later moved together to form the first continents. Since then the continents have been growing and moving together to form supercontinents then slipping apart to form smaller continents in an endless cycle.

30. Place the following plants in order from first evolved (#1) to most recently evolved (#7) ___ seed bearing plants on land ___ single celled plants with a nucleus in the ocean ___ flowering plants on land ___ multicellular plants in the ocean ___ mosses (a seedless multicellular plant) on land ___ ferns (a seedless multicellular plant) on land ___single celled plants without a nucleus in the ocean 6 2 7 3 4 5 1

31. Place the following animals in order from first evolved (#1) to most recently evolved (#13) ___ mammals ___ single celled organisms with a nucleus ___ homo sapiens ___ reptiles ___ insects ___ primates ___ fish ___ multicellular organisms ___ single celled organisms without a nucleus ___ amphibians ___ sponges ___ hominids ___ birds

32. 9 mammals 2 single celled organisms with a nucleus 13 homo sapiens 8 reptiles 6 insects 11 primates 5 fish 3 multicellular organisms 1 single celled organisms without a nucleus 7 amphibians 4 sponges 12 hominids 10 birds

33. 1 2 3 4 5 6

34. Transform plate boundary • Divergent plate boundary • Convergent plate boundary • Trench • Upper Mantle • Hot Spot