170 likes | 279 Views
Range Anxiety , Rekk EV idde or Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles. Facts about EV range EV or Plug-in Hybrid? TEMPO - 13. mai 2013 - Rolf Hagman rha@toi.no. EV - Range Anxiety. Assessing Range Anxiety. Rekk EV idde (EV range) Consortium. Rekk EV idde objectives.
E N D
Range Anxiety, RekkEVidde or Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles Facts about EV range EV or Plug-in Hybrid? TEMPO - 13. mai 2013 - Rolf Hagman rha@toi.no
Whatabout range for thenewEVs? Scientific aproach Range is influenced by - drivingpattern (cycle), lowtemperature, rolling and air resistence (coastdown) Nissan Leaf Citroën C-Zero
Real winter and laboratory tests Real winter Artic Falls - TSS Test cell - VTT
Real winter results - Rolling resistance:Coast down 25 – 5 km/h (TSS)
Laboratory tests conditions - VTT • Normal temperature (+23 °C) • Air resistance for normal temperature • Road load for normal asphalt • Intermediate ambient temperature (-0°C) • Air resistance for intermediate temperature • Road load for normal asphalt • Low ambient temperature (-20 °C) • Air resistance for low temperature • Road load for normal asphalt • Road load for old snow • Road load for new snow
Results for one of the EVsEnergy Consumption (kWh/km)Driving – external cabin heating
Results for one of the EVs Estimated driving range (km)Driving – external cabin heating Note thatthis EV performbetterwiththeHelsinki City driving cycleonasphaltthanwiththe NED Cycleonasphalt
Results for one of the EVs Estimated driving range at -20 ºC (km)Driving – with battery heating 3 kWRange Anxiety at remote areas -20 ºC!!! • Measures to reduce range anxiety at -20 ºC: • Vehicleelectricpre-heating and liquidfuelcabinheater. • Or a plug-in Hybrid vehiclemight be the right choice?
Avaliableplug-in hybrid vehicles in Norway • In relation to today’scombustionenginevehicles • - realistictailpipe CO2 savings: • ”Power splithybridisation” (Toyota style) - 30 % • Plug-inhybridisation - 60 %
Plug-in hybrid vehiclesTwo technologies in onevehicle • EV for short trips • Hybrid vehicle for long trips • No range anxiety Discharging Hybrid Toyota picture
Plug-inPrius pre commercial tests withleasedvehiclesAverage driving triplengths
Plug-inPrius pre commercial tests withleasedvehiclesAveragepetrol consumption/CO2 emissions
Avoiding Range Anxiety in coldclimate EVs Plug-in Hybrid vehicles Size Driving range need Petrol, diesel, biofuels Electric energy