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Chapter 7 note cards

Chapter 7 note cards. Chemical Weathering - Process by which rocks and minerals undergo changes in their composition due to chemical reactions with agents such as acids, water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. Example: Statue of Liberty turned greener over the years. (oxidation).

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Chapter 7 note cards

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  1. Chapter 7 note cards

  2. Chemical Weathering - Process by which rocks and minerals undergo changes in their composition due to chemical reactions with agents such as acids, water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide Example: Statue of Liberty turned greener over the years. (oxidation) http://www.scs.sk.ca/cyber/elem/learningcommunity/sciences/chemistry30/curr_content/chem30/images/statueofliberty2.jpg http://www.geosci.unc.edu/faculty/glazner/Images/Weathering/BouldersJTNM.jpg

  3. Mechanical Weathering Process that breaks down rocks and minerals into smaller pieces but does not involve any changes in their composition. Example: Exfoliation http://www.bcssa.org/newsroom/scholarships/great8sci/Photos/Earth_Photos/Mechanical_Weathering.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Yosemite_Nevada_Fall11.JPG/300px-Yosemite_Nevada_Fall11.JPG

  4. Surface Area • Controls weathering • The smaller the particle size, the larger the surface area exposed to weathering. • Presence of joints increase a rock’s surface area http://piru.alexandria.ucsb.edu/collections/geography3b/p-s/ps06-05a.jpg

  5. Exfoliation Removal of overlying rock which causes underlying rock to expand and fracture during pressure release Example: Layers of country rocks exert pressure on an underlying igneous rock body. As the overlying layers of rock are eroded away, the igneous rock body is relieved of the pressure and pieces break off. http://piru.alexandria.ucsb.edu/~geog3/lab_images/soils5.jpg

  6. Frost Wedging Mechanical weathering Repeated thawing/freezing of water in the cracks of rocks • Water collects in the cracks of rocks • As temperature decreases, water freezes, expands, exerts pressure on the rocks, and causes them to split • As temperature increases, the ice melts http://estes.on-line.com/rmnp/pics/frwdrk01.jpg

  7. Atmospheric Carbonic AcidReaction of water with other substances Limestone cave was formed with carbonic acid dissolved the calcite in the limestone rock. http://humanities.cqu.edu.au/geography/GEOG11023/images/MoleCkCave3.jpg

  8. OxidationChemical reaction of oxygen with other substances Iron in rocks and minerals combine with oxygen and forms minerals with oxidized iron. The Statue of Liberty has turned green through the process of oxidation. http://wwwrses.anu.edu.au/research/annrep/ar2006/ee/pillans.png

  9. Acid Precipitation- Caused by the oxidation of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides that are released from the human activities - Sulfur dioxide forms from the burning of fossil fuels; nitrogen oxide is emitted from motor-vehicle exhausts Acid rain has eaten through the stone and metal of the statue and has sped up the weathering process of it. http://static.howstuffworks.com/gif/acid-rain-4.jpg

  10. ErosionThe process that transports Earth materials from one place to another Gravity, running water, wind, glaciers, and humans all play a role in erosion. Rivers carve out steep banks on the sides. http://savethesheyenne.org/genimageweb.jpg

  11. DepositionThe final erosional process where the movement eroded materials slow down and are dropped in another location. Nile Delta Deltas form when rivers enter a large body of water, the water slows down, and the large amounts of sediments are deposited. http://earth.esa.int/images/article_archive/nile_truecolour.jpg

  12. Gully ErosionWhen erosion by running water forms deep and wide channels The removal of too much vegetation can cause gully erosion in farming areas. http://plantandsoil.unl.edu/croptechnology2005/UserFiles/Image/siteImages/GullyErosionPasture-NRCS-LG.jpg

  13. Rill ErosionErosion by running water in small channels on the side of slope Caused when runoff becomes too heavy and water concentrates in rivulets. http://www.charlevoixcounty.org/media/planningeduc/tn_rill.jpg

  14. Residual SoilSoil located above its parent material Georgia’s red soil is residual soil.Kentucky’s bluegrass soil is residual soil as well. http://www.ga.nrcs.usda.gov/technical/soils/cecil.jpg

  15. SoilLoose covering of broken rock particles and decaying organic matter covering the bedrock of Earth’s surface • Formation: • weathering breaks solid bedrock into smaller pieces • pieces of rock continue to weather and break won • organisms live in the weathered materials • organisms die, decay and add nutrients to weathered materials, forming soil

  16. Soil HorizonA distinct layer, or zone, within a soil profile High concentrations of humus and organic matter Contains subsoils that are enriched with clay minerals Contains weathered parent material http://www.sydneyolympicpark.com.au/__data/assets/image/0010/631/soil_profile_1.jpg

  17. Soil ProfileVertical sequence of soil layers Some soils have more distinct layers than others. http://www.mrsciguy.com/sciimages/soil2.jpg

  18. Transported SoilSoil that has been moved away from its parent bedrock. Transported soil can be moved by different agents of erosion: running water, glaciers, and wind. http://www.dbr.nu/data/pubs/thesis/figs/fig6.jpg

  19. Land Use

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