Electronic Note Cards

1. Electronic Note Cards Ana Valeria Villela

2. Source: Nancy Lotz & Carlene Phillips, “Marie Antoinette and the decline of French Monarchy”, 2005 • Subject: Marie Antoinette An Archduchess is born • Keywords:Early Life, Court of Vienna • Abstract: • Born on November 2, 1755. • Maria Antonia Josepha Joanna. Daughter of Maria Theresa the Archduchess of Austria and Francis of Lorainne. • She was the fifteenth of Sixteen Children. • Her mother was one of the most powerful women in Europe and she would leave her children to be tended to by nurses. • Marie Antoinette is described as a very pretty young woman. • Marie was very close to her father and feared her mother. • She was not very good at study and her writing and reading was very poor. I think Marie is like a neglected child who would receive very little attention from her mother but still had a lot of respect towards her. Life in Vienna was very different from what her life would become in France. She was much less spoiled and that maybe would lead to her constant need for attention when se grows up.

3. Source: Nancy Lotz & Carlene Phillips, “Marie Antoinette and the decline of French Monarchy”, 2005 • Subject: Marie Antoinette , Last queen of France, Decline of French Monarchy • Keywords: preparing for marriage, Louie Auguste • Abstract: • In 1756 the Treaty of Versailles united France and Austria against Prussia. • They believed that a daughter of Austria and a Son of France joined in marriage could help improve the fragile relationship. • Marie was to be married to Louie August who was next in line to the thrown. • After Finding out that her daughter was very poorly educated Maria Therese dedicated the next years to educate in French history and perfect her looks to become the next queen of France. • She had a Proxy Wedding. Marie begins to get all the attention of her mother but she has many problems such as her inability to even right her name. I think Theresa also needs to prove to France what a great country they are through Marie Antoinette.

4. Source: Antonia Fraser. “Marie Antoinette: The Journey”, 2002 • Subject: An Heir to the Thrown • Keywords: No children, personal failure • Abstract: • Marie Antoinette’s mother saw her inability to inspire sexual passion on her husband as a personal failure • An heir to the thrown represented the future • Her position was not certain until the final physical act would crown the Franco-Austrian Alliance • Louie continued to refuse to perform this act, or even contemplate doing so Marie Antoinette’s mother in my opinion was putting way to much pressure on her to have children. She had just gotten married, and she was a still a teenager.

5. Source: http://www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/bios/b2antoinettem.htm • Subject: Marie’s Spending • Keywords: Debt, spending, Diamond Necklace Affair • Abstract: • France reeled under huge debts inherited from Louis XV which Louis XVI had been unable to repay. • By the mid 1780s tales of the queen’s extravagance, dissipation and sexual vice abounded. • her nickname, “Madame Deficit”, described Marie’s spending habits quite well. • She spent enormous amounts of money on clothing, jewels, chateaux, and any kind of whim. • At certain times, she would help the poor with huge amounts of money, but only sporadically, according to impulse. • The biggest money scandal which surrounded was the Diamond Necklace Affair. This scandal gave the revolutionaries just one more reason to hate her. • Supposedly, a cardinal desiring to gain Marie’s favor received a message that the queen wished him to buy a certain expensive necklace containing 647 diamonds, and costing the equivalent of $100,000,000. So the compliant cardinal obtained the necklace, and brought it to the faux queen, who was actually an accomplice of a woman named Jean de La Motte. The unsuspecting cardinal gave the necklace to the “queen”, and happily received a rose in return. Jean de La Motte took the necklace to her husband in England, who sold the necklace in pieces. When the cardinal failed to pay for his costly purchase, the jewelers took their claim to Antoinette herself. The diamond necklace originally made for Louis XV’s lover Madame du Barry. • The queen enjoyed her beauty style, but her fashion fame came at a price. The Queen spent lavishly on her dress and adornments. • Each year she exceeded her clothing allowance which the King covered. • The excessive fashions for high headdresses, plumes and voluminous dresses were subject to public comment, caricature and on occasion ridicule. • he queen also spent lavishly on her friends as mentioned and on her entertainment including her retreat at Petit Trianon. I think that when the queen made these crazy purchases he was still an immature child who was going crazy experiencing with fashion, gambling and drinking.

6. Source: http://www.marie-antoinette.org/reputation/reputation/ • Subject: A reputation in Shreds • Keywords: Hatred by the people, The real Marie • Abstract: • People would look at Marie and think he is the queen who danced while the people starved; who spent extravagantly on clothes and jewels without a thought. • She was notorious for her intense modesty • It is known that Queen Marie-Antoinette had high moral standards • The King and Queen were patrons of the MaisonPhilanthropique, a society which helped the aged, blind and widows. • The queen taught her daughter Madame Royale to wait upon peasant children, to sacrifice her Christmas gifts so as to buy fuel and blankets for the destitute, and to bring baskets of food to the sick • During the famine of 1787-88, the royal family sold much of their flatware to buy grain for the people, and themselves ate the cheap barley bread in order to be able to give more to the hungry. I think that Marie really was a great queen but after the French Revolution people would only focus on her bad qualities and her mistakes instead of ways in how she helped people.

7. Source: http://www.victorianweb.org/history/hist7.html • Subject: The French Revolution • Keywords: Fall of the Bastile, March of the women, Tuileries, Flight to Varennes, Reign of Terror • Abstract: • The beginning of the end started on July 14, 1789, when a mob stormed the Bastille. • Louis failed to take prompt action and the mob succeeded in taking the Bastille. The governor of the Bastille who resisted and threatened to blow up the gun powder was hacked to death by the mob his head sported on pikes for all to see. The crowd had arms and ammunition. Lawlessness had occurred and no royal action had been taken in response. Louis went to Paris to restore calm but no actions were taken against those who stormed the Bastille. • October 4, a great mob collected to demand bread from the king. The next day the mob mainly of Parisian women marched thought the driving rain to Versailles to put an end to orgies and demand bread. Many brandished knives and swore to use them to “cut the pretty throat of the Austrian” who was the source of all their problems. • That night the mob (perhaps aided by agents of the Duke of Orleans) found an unguarded entrance and was directed straight to the apartments of the sleeping queen. But were stopped. • Then the Revolution forced the royal family to move from the sumptuous palace of Versailles to the dank, dark Tuileries Palace in Paris. • Prisoners for two years, Marie and Louis, along with their three children, attempted to escape in 1791 However, the attempt was unsuccessful when someone recognized the King • Now confined to the Temple, the royals awaited their trials. I think that all though the conditions were bad and people were starving they were much too violent. They should have looked for other means but not turn to violence and cause a revolution.

8. Source: http://www.history.com/topics/marie-antoinette • Subject: Marie Antoinette’s Death • Keywords: Trail, Beheading • Abstract: • Marie-Antoinette spent the remainder of her life in Parisian prisons. • Deprived of her children, Marie was subjected to horrific living conditions of the rat infested, filthy Temple dungeons. • Louis XVI was executed on orders from the National Convention in January 1793 • In August the queen was put in solitary confinement in the Conciergerie. • She was brought before the Revolutionary tribunal on October 14, 1793, and was guillotined two days later. The way the revolution turned out and how the people turned on the royal family is really sad. Its even sadder how they tortured and killed her son the heir to the thrown.