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Section 9C Exponential Modeling (pages 557 – 572)

Section 9C Exponential Modeling (pages 557 – 572). Exponential Growth (Decay) occurs when a quantity increases (decreases) by the same relative amount—that is, by the same percentage—in each unit of time. (Powertown: -- 5% each year, investments).

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Section 9C Exponential Modeling (pages 557 – 572)

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  1. Section 9CExponential Modeling(pages 557 – 572)

  2. Exponential Growth (Decay)occurs when a quantity increases (decreases) by the same relative amount—that is, by the same percentage—in each unit of time.(Powertown: -- 5% each year, investments) A Exponential Functiongrows (or decays) by the same relative amount per unit of time. Independent variable: tDependent variable: Qdecimal growth rate: rInitial Value: Q0 (dependent) = initial value x (1 + r)independent or Q = Q0 x (1 + r)t

  3. Comments • Q = Q0 x (1 + r)t • Units for r and for t must be the same. • If Q0 is the initial value at time t0, then t must be measured in units since t0. • In this formula, r is the decimal form of the percentage growth/decay rate • If r > 0, then quantity grows exponentially. If r < 0, then quantity decays exponentially.

  4. Ex1/559 The 2000 census found a US population of about 281 million. a) Write an equation for the US population that assumes a exponential growth at 0.7% per year. b) Use the equation to predict the US population in 2100. initial value (in 2000): 281 milliongrowth rate: .007 per yearindependent variable: years since 2000dependent variable: population Q = 281million x (1+.007)t year 2100 is 100 years since 2000, so t = 100 Q = 281million x (1.007)100 = 564 million

  5. Ex2/560 China’s one-child policy was originally implemented with the goal of reducing China’s population to 700 million by 2050. China’s 2000 population was about 1.2 billion. Suppose China’s population declines at a rate of 0.5% per year. a) write an equation for the exponential decay of the populationb) will this rate of decline be sufficient to meet the original goal? initial value (in 2000): 1.2 billionrate: -.005 per yearindependent variable: years since 2000dependent variable: population Q = 1.2billion x (1-.005)t year 2050 is 50 years since 2000, so t = 50 Q = 1.2billion x (.995)50 = .934billion With this model, the predicted population in 2050 is 934,000,000 and so the goal of 700,000,000 will not be met.

  6. What do graphs look like? 33/570 Your starting salary at a new job is $2000 per month and you get annual raises of 5% per year.a) create an exponential function.b) create a table showing Q values for the first 15 units of time.c) make a graph of the exponential function. Q = 24000 x (1+.05)t curvy!

  7. Using the graph 33/570 Your starting salary at a new job is $2000 per month and you get annual raises of 5% per year.Using the graph determine:a) your salary after 12 years.b) when your salary will be $30000. When t = 12, Q = _______. Q = $30,000 when t = _____

  8. Can we solve exactly using the equation? Use Properties of Logarithms

  9. Can we solve exactly using the equation? Q = 24000 x (1+.05)t 30000 = 24000 x (1+.05)t 1.25 = (1.05)t The salary will be $30,000 in 4.6 years

  10. What do graphs look like? 29/570 A privately owned forest that had 1 million acres of old growth is being clear cut at a rate of 7% per year.a) create an exponential function.b) create a table showing Q values for the first 15 units of time.c) make a graph of the exponential function. Q = 1million x (1-.07)t = 1mill.x (.93)t curvy!

  11. When will the acreage be reduced by half? Q = 1000000 x (0.93)t 500000 = 1000000 x (0.93)t The acreage will be reduced by half in 9.55 years.

  12. Other forms for Exponential Functions Independent variable: tDependent variable: Qdoubling time: TdInitial Value: Q0 Independent variable: tDependent variable: Qhalf-life: THInitial Value: Q0 Units for t and Td (and TH) must be the same.

  13. 41/571 The drug Valium is eliminated from the bloodstream exponentially with a half-life of 36 hours. Suppose that a patient receives an initial dose of 20 milligrams of Valium at midnight.a) [equation] How much Valium is in the patient’s blood at noon the next day?b) [graph] Estimate when the Valium concentration will reach 10% of its initial level. initial value (at midnight): 20 milligramshalf-life: 36 hoursindependent variable: hours since midnightdependent variable: milligrams of Valium noon the next day is 12 hours past midnight

  14. 41/571 The drug Valium is eliminated from the bloodstream exponentially with a half-life of 36 hours. Suppose that a patient receives an initial dose of 20 milligrams of Valium at midnight.a) [equation] How much Valium is in the patient’s blood at noon the next day?b) [graph] Estimate when the Valium concentration will reach 10% of its initial level. 10% of its initial value is 10% of 20 mg or .10x20 = 2 mg Q is 2 mg when t is about _________

  15. Can we solve exactly using the equation?

  16. 43/571 Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.5 billion years.You find a rock containing a mixture of uranium-238 and lead. You determine that 85% of the original uranium-238 remains; the other 15% decayed into lead. How old is the rock?

  17. Homework Pages 569-572 #28,#30,#32,#42,#44a

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