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Grade 7 Science

Grade 7 Science. Unit 2: Heat Chapter 5: Scientists use the Particle Theory of Matter to describe temperature. Matter. Anything that takes up space and has mass. The Particle Theory of Matter... (PTM). All matter is made up of tiny particles.

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Grade 7 Science

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  1. Grade 7Science Unit 2: Heat Chapter 5: Scientists use the Particle Theory of Matter to describe temperature.

  2. Matter • Anything that takes up space and has mass.

  3. The Particle Theory of Matter... (PTM) • All matter is made up of tiny particles. • These particles are always moving – they have energy. The more energy they have, the faster they move.

  4. There is space between all particles. • There are attractive forces between the particles. • The particles of one substance are the same but differ from another substance.

  5. Temperature: The average energy of the particles of a substance.

  6. Question to discuss “All particles in a glass of room temperature water are moving at the same speed.” Explain whether this statement is true or false.

  7. Kinetic Energy • The energy of movement. • Temperature is then a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance.

  8. Each color represents a particle of a varying speed. The average of these energies would be the temperature.

  9. Complete Activity 5-1 B Average Kinetic Energy Page 137

  10. States of Matter Liquid Gas Solid

  11. THREE STATES OF MATTER... A COMPARSION

  12. Expansion vs. Contraction Expansion • Increasing the volume of a substance Contraction • Decreasing the volume of a substance

  13. Expansion • When the particles are heated, they gain energy, move faster, spread out and take up more space thereby increasing their volume.

  14. Contraction • When the particles are cooled, they lose energy, move slower, move closer together and take up less space thereby decreasing their volume.

  15. A Solid A GAS Why do we need to be concerned with expansion and contraction in the above pictures? A LIQUID

  16. Demos... 1. Activity 5-2 B “Bulging Balloons” 2. Activity 5-2 C “Race to for the Top” 3. Activity 5-2 D “ Expanding Solids” Pages 151 - 155

  17. Changes of State Deposition Blue = add heat Red = lose heat

  18. Graphing changes of state (a Heating Curve)

  19. Changes of state and the PTM • Adding heat energy, increases the kinetic energy and therefore the temperature.

  20. The particles break their attractive forces with their neighbouring particles when kinetic energy is increased.

  21. Eventually, the kinetic energy will be great enough to break the attractive forces holding the particles together thereby changing state. The opposite is true if heat energy is decreased.

  22. Core Lab Activity Activity 5-3C “The Plateau Problem” Page 166 (7)

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