The French and Indian War

1. The French and Indian War 1756-1763

2. French Presence in N.America • Began settling in the 1500’s • Thriving trade with Natives • Tried to convert Natives to Catholicism

3. History of British and French Conflict • King William’s War (1689-1697) • England v. Holland and France • Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) • England, Austria, Holland v. France, Spain • King George’s War (1744-1748) • England, Austria v. France, Prussia • French and Indian War (1754-1763) • England, colonists v. France and Spain

4. British and French Clash--1754 • French and British both claimed land in the Ohio River Valley • Fr. Built Ft. Duquesne • British claimed that land and build Ft. Necessity in response

5. French and Indian War Begins • Led by George Washington, the colonists attacked the French but were forced to surrender. • The French and Indian war formally declared in 1756! British and the colonists The French and Indians VS.

6. British-American Colonial Tension:

7. British and Colonists Struggle in the Beginning… • Battle techniques • Tension between British and colonists • French won many battles at the beginning of the war

8. Turning Point? • 1757  William Pitt Becomes Foreign Minister • He understood colonial concerns • He offered them a compromise: • If colonists cooperate loyally and militarily, then Britain would reimburse them for their costs RESULTS? Colonial morale increased by 1758

9. 1758-1761  The Tide Turns for England *By 1761, Sp. has become an ally of Fr.

10. 1763—Treaty of Paris France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of her empire in India, and claims to lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain -->got all French lands west of the Mississippi River, New Orleans, but lost Florida to England. England -->got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and commercial dominance in India.

11. North America in 1763

13. Effects of the War on Britain: • Colonial empire in America is increased. • Britain burdened with massive debt • Many people in Britain still bitter toward the colonists **England felt that a major reorganization of her American Empire was necessary!**

14. Effects of the War on the Colonists: • United them against a common enemy for the first time • Created a socializing experience for all the colonists involved • Created bitter feelings against the British that would only intensify • Tensions with the Natives along the frontier

15. Problems With the Natives: • Natives concerned about losing valuable hunting land in the Ohio River Valley • Attacked and captured 8 British forts in the Ohio River valley • In response, British sent small-pox infected blankets during “peace” negotiations Chief Pontiac

16. Pontiac’s Rebellion--1763

17. British Response to Problems Between Natives and Colonists: Proclamation Line of 1763

18. By 1763, Colonists were Angry! Why? • Proclamation Line of 1763 halted expansion • British were cracking down on smuggling • “writs of assistance” allowed the authorities to search any ship or building suspected of holding smuggled goods • 10,000 British troops stationed in the colonies to “control the natives”---who pays for it? • British passed the Sugar Act • Tax on molasses cut in half • Strengthened enforcement of the law • Trials held in Nova Scotia!

19. Sugar Act • Cut tax on molasses by ½ • To discourage smuggling • Beefed up enforcement of smuggling • Writs of Assistance • Trials for smuggling moved to Nova Scotia