Cranium

1. Mandible Carpals Vertebra Rib Ulna Cranium Femur Tibia Sternum Coccyx Clavicle Patella Phalanges Tarsals Radius Metacarpals Humerus Fibula Metatarsals Scapula Pelvis Sacrum

2. Types of Bones

3. Long Bones • Are longer than they are wide • Subjected to most of the load during daily activities • Usually somewhat curved for strength • Crucial for skeletal mobility • Eg. Femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, ulna, radius

4. Short Bones • Roughly cube-shaped • Have approximately equal length and width • Eg. Carpal (wrist), tarsal (ankle)

5. Flat Bones • Thin shaped • Provide considerable mechanical protection and extensive surfaces for muscle attachments • Eg. Cranial bones (protect brain), sternum and ribs (protect organs), scapula (shoulder blades)

6. Irregular Bones • Complicated shapes • Shaped for the functions they fulfill within the body • Eg. Vertebrae (provide major mechanical support for the body while protecting the spinal cord)

7. Sesamoid Bones • Develop in some tendons in locations where there is friction, tension, and physical stress • Form in the palms of the lands and the soles of the feet • Their presence and quantity varies from person to person • Eg. Patellae (kneecaps: common to everyone)

8. Sutural Bones • Classified by their location rather than shape • Very small bones located within the sutural joints between the cranial bones • Number of sutural bones varies from person to person

9. Joints • Fribrous Joints • Connect bones without movements • Eg. Skull, pelvis • Cartilaginous Joints • Bones are attached by cartilage; limited movements • Eg. Spine, ribs • Synovial Joints • Most movements • Cavities between bones filled with synovial fluid, which lubricate and protect the bones