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Simple Machines

Simple Machines. Essential Questions. What is the purpose of the simple machines?. Simple Machine Types. There are 6 basic kinds of simple machines. These are: Inclined Plane Wedge Screw Levers Wheel and Axle Pulley. Inclined Plane. An inclined plane is a flat, slanted surface.

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Simple Machines

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  1. Simple Machines

  2. Essential Questions • What is the purpose of the simple machines?

  3. Simple Machine Types • There are 6 basic kinds of simple machines. • These are: Inclined Plane Wedge Screw Levers Wheel and Axle Pulley

  4. Inclined Plane • An inclined plane is a flat, slanted surface. • An example of an inclined plane is a ramp. • The longer the inclined plane, the less input force you need to push or pull an object.

  5. Friction • Even though an inclined plane has no moving parts, work is lost due to friction. • This is because friction comes from the bottom of the box rubbing against the ramp.

  6. Wedge • A wedge is a device that is thick at one end and tapers to a thin edge at the other end. A wedge is used to cut through an object. • You can think of a wedge as an inclined plane that moves.

  7. Wedge • The longer and thinner the wedge is, the less input force is required. • An example of a wedge is: an axe, a knife, a screwdriver, boat.

  8. Screw • A screw can be thought of as an inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder. • An example of a screw is a jar lid, a bolt, and a faucet.

  9. Levers • A lever is a rigid bar that is free to pivot or rotate around a fixed point. • The fixed point that a lever pivots around is called the fulcrum. • There are 3 classes of levers.

  10. First-Class Levers • First class levers have the fulcrum located between the input force and output force. • For example, scissors, seesaw, and pliers are first-class levers.

  11. Second-Class Levers • Second-class levers have the fulcrum located closer to the output force. • Examples of second-class levers are nutcrackers, doors, bottle openers, and wheelbarrows.

  12. Third-class Levers • Third-class levers have the fulcrum located closer to the input force. • Examples of third-class levers are fishing poles, shovels, and baseball bats. • BrainPop Video

  13. Wheel and Axle • A wheel and axle is a simple machine made of 2 circular or cylindrical objects (wheels)that are fastened together and rotate around a common object (axle).

  14. Wheel and Axle • The larger object is called the wheel and the smaller object is called the axle. • An example of a wheel and axle is a screwdriver, door knob, or steering wheel. • BrainPOP video

  15. Pulley • A pulley is a grooved wheel with a rope wrapped around it. • You use a pulley by pulling on the rope. • A pulley that you attach to a structure is called a fixed pulley.

  16. Pulley • If you attach a pulley to the object you wish to move, then you are using a movable pulley. • If you combine fixed and movable pulleys, you can make a pulley system.

  17. Compound Machine • A machine that utilizes two or more simple machines is called compound machine. • Examples are: bicycle, pencil sharpener, bulldozer.

  18. Compound Machine • Gears form a compound machine with one wheel and axle linked to another wheel and axle. • What machine works with gears? Bicycle

  19. Mega Point Review • How does a doorknob work? The knob is a wheel and the axle pulls in the closer so the door will open. • What on a lever does not move? Fulcrum

  20. Mega Point Review • How are wedges and screws related? Both have inclined planes. • What are three ways in which a machine can make work easier? By changing the force, distance, or direction

  21. Mega Point Review • How can you determine if work is done on an object? Work is done when an object moves.

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