Skill III Extension Adding

1. Skill IIIExtensionAdding

2. Review: choosing words • The pleasure of walking • 散步，漫步，走步，步行 • We see, hear, smell the world as we never can when we ride. • Collocation, wording through context • …our senses are continuously being alerted. • 警觉，敏感，机警，警醒 • …great the eyes, the ears and the nose. • collocation

3. Extension of word meaning 1 • Translate into extended meaning • into meaning more abstract; • into meaning more concrete • Into meaning more abstract • 1、Every life has its roses and thorns. • 每个人的生活都有甜有苦。 • 2、There is a mixture of the tiger and the ape in the character of the imperialists. • 帝国主义者既残暴，又狡猾。

4. Extension of word meaning 2 • Try to translate the following into Chinese • 3、Brain drain has been Egypt’s Number One concern---as a matter of fact it has become an epidemic in that area of the world. • 人才外流是埃及的头号问题，实际上，它已经成为世界那一地区极为普遍的严重问题。 • 4、Next to health, heartand home, happiness for mobile Americans depends upon the automobile. • 对好动的美国人来说，生活是否幸福除取决于健康、爱情和家庭的情况外，还取决于小汽车。

5. Extension of word meaning 3 • Into meaning more concrete • 1、The Great Wall is a mustfor most foreign visitors to Beijing. • 对于大多数去北京的外国游客，万里长城是必不可少的参观游览项目。 • 2、The car in front of me stalled and I missed the green. • 我前头哪辆车停住了，我错过了绿灯。

6. Extension of word meaning 4 • Try to translate the following into Chinese • 3、Perhaps the onlytrouble with copper is that it is not hard enough for some uses. • 就某些用途来说，铜的唯一缺点也许是硬度不够。 • 4、All the wit and learningin this field are to be present at the symposium. • 这一领域里的全部学者们将出席这个科学讨论会。

7. Adding words 1 • According the part of speech of the words added • According to the function of adding • Showing the implied meaning and omission • For collocation • Showing background • Context (logic and parallelism) • Implied meaning and omission • Can you managewithout help? • 如果没有人帮助，你能应付得了吗？

8. Adding words 2 • Reading makes a full man, conference a ready man, writing an exact man. • 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，写作使人准确。 • Try to translate the following • In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and thetable tennisexhibitions, he would work on the drafting of the final communiqué. • 晚上在参加宴会，出席音乐会，观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后公报。 • No one can claim infallibility. • 谁也不能说，自己是一贯正确的。

9. Adding words 3 • For collocation • 1．He dismissed the meetingwithout a closing speech. • 他没有致闭幕词就宣布结束会议。 • 2．With what enthusiasmthe Chinese people are building socialism! • 中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义阿！ • 3．Every morning she came to her work--sweeping, scrubbing and cleaning. • 每天早晨她都来干活――扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。

10. Adding words 4 • 4．This T.V. set is indeed cheap and fine. • 这台电视机真是价廉物美。 • 5．The U.N. Security Council is doing its best to easetensions in Middle East. • 联合国安理会正在尽最大的努力缓和中东的紧张局势。 • 6．White clouds float over the blue sky. • 蓝蓝的天上飘着朵朵白云。 • 7．A red sun is rising slowly on the horizon. • 一轮红日正在从地平线上冉冉升起。

11. Adding words 5 • Background • Nixon learned that China would welcome apresidential visit. • 尼克松了解到，中国将欢迎美国总统来华访问。 • The blond boy quickly crossed himself. • 那个金发小男孩立刻在胸前划十字，祈求上帝保佑。 • In April, there was the “ping” heard around the world. In July, the ping “ponged”. • 四月里，全世界听到中国“乒”的一声把球打了出去，到了七月，美国“乓”的一声把球打了回来。

12. Adding words 6 • Context (logic and parallelism) • 1．Heat from the sun stirs up the atmosphere, generatingwinds. • 太阳发出的热能搅动大气，于是产生了风。 • 增加“于是”，承上启下, 逻辑条理分明 • 2．Some said opportunity was necessary for success, and millions never had it. • 有人说机遇是获得成功所必需的，然而数以百万记的人却从未得到过它。

13. Discussion 1 • Working gives us back our senses. (topic) • We see, hear, smell the world as we never can (omission) when we ride. • 我们看到的、听到的、闻到的世界与我们坐车时感知到的世界绝对不一样。 • No matter what vehicle, it is the vehicle that is moving, not ourselves.

14. Discussion 2 • We aretrapped inside its fixed environment, and once we have taken in its sensoryaspects—mainly in terms of comfort or discomfort— we turn off our perceptions and either go to sleep or open a magazine and begin dozing awake. • 我们被困在车内固定的环境里，一旦接受了它所给与我们的感觉——主要是舒适与否的感觉——我们就关闭了自己的感觉，不是睡觉，就是打开一本杂志，争着眼睛打起盹来。

15. Discussion 3 • But when we walk, the environment changes every moment and our senses are continuously being alerted(omit by XX). • 可是我们步行的时候，周围的环境每时每刻都在变化，我们的知觉不断地为外界事物所激活。 • Around each corner of a city block, around each bend in a country road, there is something new to greet the eyes, the ears and the nose.(collocation, adding)

16. Discussion 4 • 在城市街区的每一拐角处，在乡间道路的每个拐弯处，总有什么新的东西映入我们的眼帘，窜入我们的耳朵，扑入我们的鼻子。 • Even the same walk, the one we may take every day, is never the same from one day to another, from one week and season to another. • 即便我们日复一日、年复一年走的是同一条路，我们感知到的事物(adding)没有一次是完全相同的。

17. Homework • Translate paragraphs 3 and 4 • Find the ways learnt used in your translation • Find some sentences in whose translation any of the ways learnt is used. (You can find them in the exercises you did.)