Volunteer work and Draft ICATUS

1. Volunteer work and Draft ICATUS ILO Department of Statistics Sophia Lawrence ICATUS Revision New York, (11-31 June 2012) ILO Department of Statistics

2. Volunteer work defined “Unpaid non-compulsory work; that is, time individuals give without pay to activities performed either through an organization or directly for others outside their own household” • It is work • It is unpaid • It is not compulsory • It can be done for or through organisations (i.e., market enterprises (corporations or household), government and non-profit institutions), or directly for other households ILO Department of Statistics

3. Volunteer work measured • Current recommendations (Manual & 18th ICLS) • Its measurement is consistent with ILO’s promotion of decent work: • For human dignity, in terms of economic and social development objectives ILO Department of Statistics

4. Volunteer work and SNA • Within the SNA production boundary • All volunteer work through organizations ( e.g. teaching in a school, organizing a lottery for the Red Cross, cleaning rivers for an environmental organization) • Volunteer work directly for households producing goods for own use (e.g. building homes for homeless, making clothes for children) • Beyond the SNA production boundary (inside the General production boundary) • Volunteer work directly for households producing servicesmainly for own final use(e.g. transporting a neighbour to a clinic, keeping company to the sick, preparing meals for the elderly) ILO Department of Statistics

5. New ILO conceptual framework − volunteering in Work statistics ILO Department of Statistics

6. Volunteering in concept of Work • Work comprises all inputs of labour for: • Production of goods and services for payment, profit or family gain; • Unpaid production of goods and services for consumption by others, ex. as a volunteer or part of a programme of education and training; (problematic) • Unpaid production of goods and services for own consumption or by members of own household (ex. subsistence production and household cleaning or child care) ILO Department of Statistics

7. Bringing all Work in line with SNA ILO Department of Statistics

8. Participation in different forms of work ILO Department of Statistics

9. Problems to capture volunteers in TUS • Because volunteering is not a regular or long-lasting activity, it tends to be underestimated in TUS • When identified, TU classifications generally do not obtain information about: • The activities carried out when volunteering is done through organisations • e.g. Red Cross, schools, government ILO Department of Statistics

10. Solutions to improve TUS measurement • Demographic questionnaire • Include stylised questions on volunteering: • Did you also do any type of unpaid work as a volunteer for an organization or another household… in the reference period ? • Along with background information: • For how long… • What type of (volunteer) activities…? • Time Diary • Instructions should give examples of types of volunteering activity (tends to be on/off, seasonal) • Even over short periods of time ILO Department of Statistics

11. TUS context variables • Including new variables in the Questionnaire, in addition to prompting, improves results: • Context variable "for whom" the activity is carried out: • Previous argument against: respondents not sure what to report • Latest arguments for (Canada): ex. person reports cooking, shopping, driving, etc. not for own household but for neighbour or relative in another household • Without context information, activity will appear as “Own production work” ILO Department of Statistics

12. Illustration: Measurement in Time Use Surveys T Demographic Qt: Household Roster & Demographic Characteristics n+ Part I: Participation in all labour force activities WAP • Labour force activities (paid & self-employment in market enterprises) (Unemployment job search activities, duration) Part II: Participation in other forms of Work • Own production of goods – what, whom, length • Volunteer work – what, whom, length ? • Unpaid trainee work – what, whom, length ? • Unpaid hhld service work – what, whom, length ?

13. Volunteering in non-TUS (LFS) • Measure volunteer work as part of statistics on labour input, based on 1 hour criterion and working time hour bands • In the same programme as producers of goods mainly for own final use (and unpaid household services) • Use modules to the labour force or other household surveys, with an employment component • Cover the working age population • Whether persons are working, seeking work or outside the labour force ILO Department of Statistics

14. Volunteering and ICATUS • Volunteer activity should be measured: • Both within and beyond the SNA production boundary AND • That occurs in NPIs, for all Corporations, for Government • Measure these workers (and their characteristics) as part of labour input • Classify volunteer activities (43) to as many categories (at least) as community organized services (42) • (41) Separate out work resulting in goods vs. services (as for Paid Work activities) therein lies SNA distinction ILO Department of Statistics