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African Kingdoms. Mali. Mansa Musa Sudiata Gold. 750 C.E. North Africans. Became part of the Islamic Empire, converted to Islam, & shared Arabic culture. Early Societies of Africa.
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Mali • Mansa Musa • Sudiata • Gold
750 C.E. North Africans • Became part of the Islamic Empire, converted to Islam, & shared Arabic culture.
Early Societies of Africa • African societies south of the Sahara were isolated & missed out on the cultural diffusion of the Classical Era.
Sub-Saharan Africa • Most societies lived in farming villages in family-based clans. • Few societies had written languages; Histories were shared orally by storytellers (griots) • Made iron tools
Sub Saharan People • Characteristics of Africa Polytheistic Animism: a religion in which spirits exist in nature & play a role in daily life
Over the course of 4,000 years, Bantu peoples of central Africa migrated south in search of farmland These Bantu migrations helped spread new farming & ironworking techniques.
Indian Ocean trade network & were shaped by cultural diffusion: • East Africa The Kingdom of Askum traded with Persia, India, Arabia and Rome; Askum became a Christian kingdom
East Africa Arab merchants introduced Islam to East African trade cities. -Mix of African & Arab cultures led to a new language called Swahili -Towns had mosques and were ruled by a Muslim sultan -However, many still kept their traditional religious beliefs.
Caliph • After Muhammad died in 632 C.E., the Muslim community elected a new leader called a caliph (“successor”) • The first 4 caliphs all knew Muhammad & promised to stay true to the Qur’an and Muhammad’s Message.
The Umayyad Empire • After Ali caliph dies Civil War breaks out. • Umayyad rise to power.
Abbasids overthrow the Umayyad EmpireSpread trade across Africa, Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea
Classical China • The Silk Road trade route brought Chinese luxury goods to Europe & Asia. It also increased cultural diffusion.
Tang & Song • “Golden Age” • Became the richest, most powerful & most advanced country in the world.
Tang & Song • Emperors did their best to try and protect the routes along the Silk Road. • Chinese merchants relied on ocean routes as well to trade with India & Arabia. • Increased trade led to the spread of culture (centralized gov’t, Confucianism & writing) to Korea, Japan and Southeast Asia.
Innovations • 1. Mechanical Clock • 2. Magnetic compass • 3. Gunpowder • 4. Printing Press • 5. Paper money • 6. Chinese writing • 7. Ship building • 8. Vaccination • 9. Silk weaving • 10. Porcelain
Zheng He • He had better ships & traveled farther than any European explorers would for 100 years. • He led 7 different expeditions.
Chinese Isolation • Chinese leaders unexpectedly ended the expeditions & retreated into isolationism. • Official policy was to keep the influence of outsiders to a minimum. • Isolated for the next 300 years.