Results Generated from the questionnaire disseminated prior to the workshop

1. Results Generated from the questionnaire disseminated prior to the workshop

2. The objective of the questionnaire To better understand data processing activities at the country level To invite country experiences with the goal of providing a forum for further collaboration on the effective use of techniques and methods in data processing To support the development and management of the workshop and future activities To understand what information and technical training is needed on the use of specific daata processing methods

3. Data Capture: Methods for census/survey data capture Common methods used for census survey data capture were: manual data entry OMR ORC/ICR Several countries are interested advancing efficiency through the use of PDA’s and Internet

4. Data Capture: Scanners and features used by countries: Kodak i610 80 - 320 images/sheets per min. (Philippines) Kodak 3510 200 dpi (60 - 75 ppm) 300 dpi: (40-50 ppm (Singapore -2000 round) Fujitsu M4099D ~90 ppm [simplex] to 180 images per minute [duplex], up to 400 dpi (Malaysia) All dependent on resolution, orientation, feeding, etc.

5. Data Capture: outsourcing of processes With concern to manual data entry, the data capture process is not always outsourced. Methods included the use of a database management system such as Oracle along with CSPro where data entered, edited and coded in-house. With concern to OMR & OCR/ICR the data capture process is often partially or entirely outsourced.

6. Data Capture: Planned data capture method for next census round Some countries are undecided as of which method to choose OMR/OCR/ICR is planned for use by many countries will all or part of the process outsourced (e.g. Bangladesh, Indonesia, Sri Lanka) Mobile Devices/Internet are also proposed for use (e.g. Singapore, Iran- [surveys])

7. Data Capture: Archiving methods and policies used for storing forms Many countries use electronic means for the storage of forms. Some countries store forms both electronically and in hardcopy format. Several countries have laws requiring the storage of forms for a given time. Issues raised in the storage of hardcopy forms are that they take up space and may be damaged after a given time period.

8. Data Editing: Coding for Major Classifications of Occupations All offices use coding for major classifications of occupations, industry and education. Occupation- most use ISCO with several countries using nationally specific systems also Industry- most use ISIC with several countries using nationally specific systems also Education- Most countries use ISCED with several countries using nationally specific systems also Ethnicity was also mentioned as a major classification in which coding is used.

9. Data Editing: Manual or Automated Coding Coding is done manually in most cases with some countries using both manual and automated methods. When automated, the software is developed in house (e.g. Egypt) or through a commercial produced such as Oracle (Lebanon) or developed by a private contractor and configured further by NSO staff (e.g. Morocco) Most countries have an editing system as a part of the census/survey processing phase The dominant error detection systems expressed within the questionnaire were validity check & consistency check Also mentioned- Across and Within record, macro tabulation

10. Data Editing: In many cases manual methods for imputation are used with the following software CSPro, IMPS, SPSS, Oracle. Countries create automated routines using statistical software tools such as SPSS and STATA and batch editing programs attached with the data entry program (CSPro batch editing tool). Several countries expressed in the questionnaire that alongside software such as CSPro, editing system routines will be developed in-house (e.g Bangladesh, Rep. of Korea, Phillipines)

11. Staff and Training

12. Cont… Training for each step ranges widely across countries Data Capture ~5 days to 1 month Data Coding ~5 days to 2 weeks Error Detection ~5 days to 3 weeks Imputation ~ 1 Day to 3 weeks

13. Quality control procedure Country Examples in relation to the various steps of data processing: Cambodia: Data processing coordinator, QA Team, Verifiers (Supervisor), Verification form, Production form, QA news bulletin, Small QA meeting in a group, Targeted Training for specific individuals Indonesia: Supervisor is usually assigned to supervise three to five data capture operators to assist the operators through the completion of the data capture process. Malaysia: 1. Data Capture - Sampled check on data interpretation and verification 2. Data Coding - Checks on sampled forms 3. Imputation - Consistency check and production of a summary table 4. Tabulation - Production of dummy tables Philippines: ICR-Based Data Capture -Hand-written characters and other shading and marks are interpreted by the machine are subject to key verification through a key-from-image entry. Data Entry/Manual Coding -Entered records are subjected to sample key verification, usually using a 10%/20% sampling rate based on specified thresholds Marginal Frequencies -Items are subjected to frequency tabulations before and after the edit/imputation step to determine potential abnormalities/anomalies in the edit/imputation rules or its implementation in the software.

14. Thank You END