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Objective- students will analyze 19 th Century primary sources in order to predict the types of reform movements emerging at the end of the Gilded Age. Drill: 1. Define the word: “Reform.”
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Objective-students will analyze 19th Century primary sources in order to predict the types of reform movements emerging at the end of the Gilded Age. Drill: 1. Define the word: “Reform.” “The working class and the employing class have nothing in common. There can be no peace as long as hunger and want are found among millions of working people and the few, who make up the employing class, have all the good things in life.” -Big Bill Haywood 2. Predict who the speaker of the quote above is. 3. Identify problems described in the quote and predict how the speaker might react.
FARMERS Bonanza Farm
FARMERS Shifting Supply Schedule of Farm Products PRICE DEMAND More land is farmed, and improved farm machinery produces more crops for less cost. FIRST PRICE PER BUSHEL SECOND PRICE PER BUSHEL SUPPLY #1 SUPPLY #2 QUANTITY
FARMERS Crop Prices 1870-1897
LABOR We mean to make things over,We are tired of toil for naught With but bare enough to live uponAnd ne'er an hour for thought.We want to feel the sunshineAnd we want to smell the flow'rsWe are sure that God has willed itAnd we mean to have eight hours;We're summoning our forcesFrom the shipyard, shop and mill Eight hours for work, eight hours for restEight hours for what we will;Eight hours for work, eight hours for restEight hours for what we will.
LABOR The Workingman’s Ten Commandments First Commandment.—I am thy lord and master, who has brought thee off and out of British bondage into a land where there are free institutions and equal rights given to all—black, red and white men. Second Commandment.—Thou shalt have no other master besides myself, and do as I bid you do; for I am rich, and give you as much wages as I please. Fifth Commandment.—Thou shalt not call me any other name but sir and master: for I am a rich man and have piles of money, and therefore you are my slave, for I own your body and soul. Six days you must labor and do all I bid, or I will give you another reduction. If you murmur or growl I will make you work also part of the night: for I am all-powerful, and I can use the law to suit myself. Source: Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen’s Monthly Magazine II (December 1877): 15–16
LABOR Meat packing-early 1900s Children in Textiles
LABOR This pay envelope is indicative of the wages earned by coal miners nationwide in 1895. This miner would have worked six days a week during this two week pay period. During this time he mined and loaded 79 five-ton coal cars. That averages out to mining and hand loading 32.9 tons of coal per day. His rate of pay was 40 cents per five-ton car filled which gave him gross pay of $31.60 for two weeks of work. He shopped at the company store where his purchases during this period were $17.00. His two week rent for his company owned house was $3.00. The company owned the hand tools he used but he had to pay the company 25 cents per pay period to sharpen the coal picks. While these deductions would have left him with a net cash take-home pay of $11.35, he owed a balance of $9.10 to the company physician. After deducting this amount the miner was left with $2.25 net pay for mining and loading 395 tons of coal, just a little more than half a cent per ton of coal mined and loaded. (Source- http://kycoal.homestead.com/MineSafety.html)
Environmentalist Lumber Train Log Jam Lumber Raft
Environmentalist Air & Water Pollution, Erie Canal 1900s
Consumers “Look Before You Eat” Puck magazine 1886
AFRICAN AMERICANS Sharecropping Contract from Tennessee (December 27, 1865) Web Version: http://www.freedmensbureau.com/tennessee/contracts/bolivar.htm This Indenture made this 27th day of December 1865 between Balaam Fentress and Levi Chesheir of the one part and Frances Fentress of the other part. Witnesseth- That for and in consideration of one third part of what they may be able to make on the Plantation of Fentress heirs, they the said Balaam and Levi bind themselves and their families, the former consisting of Balaam, Fannie, Maria and two children, and Mily and Rachael, the latter of Levi and wife Adelia and three children, to use all due diligence to keep the farm in repair and to work faithfully, using every endeavor to gain a large crop as possible. And the said Francis Fentress, of the other part, covenants to agree to furnish said hirelings sufficient care and provide for teams and said Balaam is to have a potato patch of one acre and also a garden, and said Balaam and Levi are to be allowed to raise fouls, Honey and all the vegetables they can in said garden and potato patch. Said Balaam and Levi are to furnish themselves in meat, pay their own Doctors bills and clothe themselves and families. Said Balaam in consideration of faithful attendance on stock is to be allowed one third of all the pork he may raise. Said Fentress is to furnish three horses or mules and all the (illegible) gearing and farming utensils, wood & houses in which said Balaam and Levi and families are to live. Said Levi is to be allowed to keep one cow and calf of his own property. Said Frances Fentress is to furnish to Balaam one cow for the use of his family and self. This contract is to commence on the 1st day of January 1866 and is concluded (illegible) the 25th day of December 1866. Witness our hands and seals this 27th day of Dec 1865. Francis Fentress {seal}, Balaam (X) Fentress {seal} for self and family, Levi (X) Chesheir {seal} for self and family.
