Mastering Tenses: Importance, Types, and Usage Guide

1. TENSE

2. Tense কি? • Tense শেখাকেনগুরুত্বপূর্ণ? • Tense শেখারআগেকিকিজানাজরুরি? • Subject and object • Verb? • - Verb এরপ্রকারভেদ • Principle এবংAuxiliary verbs • Different forms of verbs

4. SIMPLE/INDEFINITE FORM

5. SIMPLE/INDEFINITEPRESENT চিরন্তনসত্য– The sun rises in the east. অভ্যাস – I drink a glass of milk every night. ভবিষ্যতেরকোননির্দিষ্টকাজবর্তমানেবোঝাতে – New Year comes after Christmas. অতীতের কোনকাজবর্তমানেরকাজহিসেবেবোঝাতে– Babar defeats the enemy and takes control of India. কারোউক্তিব্যবহৃতহলে – Bangabandhusays, “You cannot oppress 7 million people.” Structure : Subject + মূল verb এর Present form + Object Person ভেদে verb এরসাথেs/esযুক্তহবে

6. SIMPLE/INDEFINITEPAST অতীতঅভ্যাসেরকোনকাজবুঝাতে – He always went to school by riding his bicycle. অতীতের দিন, তারিখ, সময়বুঝালে – I met him last year. সময়জানতেচাওয়াহলে– When did you arrive? Structure : Subject + মূল verb এর Past form + Object

7. SIMPLE/INDEFINITEFUTURE ভবিষ্যৎ সম্পর্কিতকোনমরামত/ধারণা/অনুমানবোঝাতে – I am sure he will come. ভবিষ্যতেরকোনঅভ্যাসবাঅবশ্যইহবেএমনকোনঘটনাবোঝাতে - Winter will start in December. ভবিষ্যতেরকোনঘটনারআনুষ্ঠানিকঘোষণাদেয়াহলে – The Prime Minister will give a speech tomorrow. নিয়মিতনয়কিন্তুমাঝেমাঝেঘটেএমনঘটনাবোঝালে – Sometime he will study for hours. Structure : Subject + shall/will + মূল verb এর Present form + Object

8. Comparison of Rules

9. Example • All the planets revolve (revolve) around the sun. (Present) 2. We played (play) together when we were children. (Past) 3. He will go (go) for a walk. (Future)

10. CONTINUOUS FORM

11. PRESENT CONTINUOUS “বর্তমানেকোনকাজচলমানবোঝালে” I am eating. They are playing hockey. He is travelling for a month. Structure : Subject + am/is/are + মূল verb এর Present form +ing+ Object Person ভেদে Auxiliary Verb বসে। 1st person – I – AM 2nd person – YOU – ARE 3rd person – he/she/they/name – Singular (IS) Plural (ARE)

12. PAST CONTINUOUS “অতীতের কোনকাজচলছিলবোঝালে” I was eating. They were playing hockey. He was travelling for a month. Structure : Subject + was/were + মূল verb এর Present form +ing+ Object Person ভেদে Auxiliary Verb বসে। 1st person – I – WAS 2nd person – YOU – WERE 3rd person – he/she/they/name – Singular (WAS) Plural (WERE)

13. FUTURE CONTINUOUS “ভবিষ্যতেরকোনকাজচলবেবোঝালে” I shall be eating. They will be playing hockey. He will be travelling for a month. Structure : Subject + shall/will + be+ মূল verb এর Present form +ing+ Object Person ভেদে Auxiliary Verb বসে। 1st person – I – SHALL/WILL 2nd person – YOU – WILL 3rd person – he/she/they/name – Singular/Plural – WILL

14. Comparison of Rules

15. Example • People will be donating(donate) in the charity box. (Future Continuous) 2. They are surviving (survive) in the natural disaster. (Present Continuous) 3. She was holding (hold) a pen. (Past Continuous)

16. PERFECT FORM

17. PRESENT PERFECT • “কাজশেষযারকিন্তুফলএখনোবিদ্যমান” • Shakib Al Hasanhas played outstandingly in the world cup. • They have worked very hard. • Our fighters have fought bravely in the war of 1971. • Structure : Subject + has/have + মূল verb এর Past Participle + Object Person ভেদে Auxiliary Verb বসে। 1st person – I – HAVE 2nd person – YOU – HAVE 3rd person – he/she/they/name – Singular – HAS Plural – HAVE

18. PAST PERFECT • “অতীতের দুইটিকাজেরমধ্যেযেকাজটিআগেহয়সেটি past perfect tense আরঅন্যটি simple past” • Shakib Al Hasancaught the wicket after ViratKohlihad attempted to hit a six. • They worked very hard as they had failed the last time. • Our fighters had fought bravely even before the Indian Army joined in the war of 1971. • Structure : Subject + had + মূল verb এর Past Participle + Object

19. FUTURE PERFECT • “ভবিষ্যতকালেকোন নির্দিষ্ট কাজ শেষ হইয়ে থাকলে বুঝালে” • Shakib Al Hasanwill have bold out ViratKohli in first 6 overs. • They will have worked very hard. • Our fighters will have fought bravely before the UN will support us. • Structure : Subject + shall/will have+ মূল verb এর Past Participle + Object

20. Comparison of Rules

21. Example • The poet will have written a wonderful poem. (Future Perfect) 2. Mother had baked a cake before father bought another one. (Past Perfect) 3. She has taught her students very effectively. (Present Perfect)

22. PERFECT CONTINUOUS FORM

23. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE • “অতীতেকোনকাজশুরুহয়েবর্তমানেচলছেবুঝালে” • The Captain has been sailing the ship for eight hours. • The musicians have been performing since evening. • Structure : Subject + have/has + been+ মূল verb এর Present Form + ing + Object Person Auxiliary Verb পরিবর্তনহয়। 1st person – I – HAVE 2nd person – YOU – HAVE 3rd person – he/she/they/name Singular – HAS Plural - HAVE

24. PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE • অতীতের যেকাজটিঅনেকআগেথেকেশুরুহয়েএকটিনির্দিষ্টসময়ধরেচলছিলবুঝায়” • The Captain had been sailing the ship from Dhaka to Chattogram. • The musicians had been performing on that festival. • Structure :Subject + had+ been+ মূল verb এর Present Form + ing + Object

25. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE • ”ভবিষ্যতেকোনকাজশুরুহয়েলম্বাএকটাসময়ধরবেচলতেথাকবেবুঝালে” • After a month, the Captain will have been sailing the ship for 20 years. • The musicians will have been performing since midnight. • Structure : Subject + shall/will+ have + been + মূল verb এর Present Form + ing + Object

26. Comparison of Rules

27. Example • I have been sleeping very early. (Present Perfect Continuous) • They had been stealing money from the vault. (Past Perfect Continuous) • The MPs will have been visiting the homes of voters. (Future Perfect Continuous)