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PRINCIPLE BEHIND USING MICROORGANISMS FOR MINING PURPOSES

PRINCIPLE BEHIND USING MICROORGANISMS FOR MINING PURPOSES. DR ZUBAIRU UMAR DARMA DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY UMARU MUSA YAR’ADUA UNIVERSITY, KATSINA. 20 th SEPTEMBER, 2018. INTRODUCTION. Toxic effects of some mine metals. Sources: Emelina , 2011; Michael and Mannfred , 2002.

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PRINCIPLE BEHIND USING MICROORGANISMS FOR MINING PURPOSES

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  1. PRINCIPLE BEHIND USING MICROORGANISMS FOR MINING PURPOSES DR ZUBAIRU UMAR DARMA DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY UMARU MUSA YAR’ADUA UNIVERSITY, KATSINA 20th SEPTEMBER, 2018

  2. INTRODUCTION

  3. Toxic effects of some mine metals Sources: Emelina, 2011; Michael and Mannfred, 2002

  4. Problems of Conventional Mining

  5. Continuous depletion of Earth’s high-grade deposits of metals necessitates the need for innovative and economical ways of recovering metals from low-grade deposits. • Ores with low metal content are not suitable for direct smelting but it is possible to extract them using the activity of microorganisms.

  6. Biomining Donati and Sand, 2007; Rawlings and Johnson, 2007

  7. Benefits

  8. Principle • These microbes have protein systems that can oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+, which they use to generate chemical energy for their metabolic processes. The reaction also produces sulfuric acid as a by-product and releases copper ions, which can remain in solution because of the acidity of the reaction medium. Metallic copper can then be precipitated onto electrodes via electrochemistry. • “If you have low grade metal ores, it’s easy to get it out,”. “Just make the bacteria happy so they can do their job” In practice, that means kick-starting protein-catalyzed redox reactions by adding sulfuric acid or waste pools to reduce pH to comfortable levels for acid-loving bacteria.

  9. Interesting stories • In 2005, Chile alone has about six bioleaching plants processing a total of 67,800 tones per day of copper, while Australia 1.2m t/day, Myammar and Peru processes 15,000 t/day of copper (Debaraj, 2005) • Another excellent example of commercially available bioleaching plants of gold processing includes seven functional plants in South Africa, Brazil, Australia (2 plants), Ghana, Peru and China (Brierly, 2000)

  10. WITH STRONG DETERMINATION NIGERIA CAN ACHIEVE SIMILAR OR BETTER SUCCESS STORIES

  11. References • Brierley J.A. (2000): Expanding the role of microbiology in metallurgical processes. Mining Engineering 52, p. 49. • Debaraj M, Dong-Jin K, Jong-Gwan A, and Young-Ha R. (2005): Bioleaching: A Microbial Process of Metal Recovery; A Review. METALS AND MATERIALS International, 11(3), pp. 249-256 • Donati E.R and Sand W (2007): Microbial Processing of Metal Sulfides. ISBN 978-1-4020-5589-8. Springer publication Nertherlands. • Emelina, G.R. (2011): Mining impacts to the Environment. Institute of Environmental Conservation and Research (INECAR). Ateneo de Naga University, Naga City, Philippines • Michael J.D. and Mannfred A.H (2002): Handbook of Toxicology (2nd Ed.). ISBN 0-8493-0370-2. CRC Publication USA. P. 921 • Rawlings D.E and Johnson B.D (2007): BIOMINING; ISBN-13 987-3-540-34909-9 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

  12. Thank you for your attention!!!

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