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Oral Abstract Number: THAD0105LB Sexuality and HIV Risk Amongst Gay Men: Options and Choices

Oral Abstract Number: THAD0105LB Sexuality and HIV Risk Amongst Gay Men: Options and Choices 24 July 2014  16:30-18.00  Plenary 1. Association of Human Rights, Community Collectivisation and Vulnerability Reduction among Men who have Sex with Men in India: Myth or Reality?.

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Oral Abstract Number: THAD0105LB Sexuality and HIV Risk Amongst Gay Men: Options and Choices

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  1. Oral Abstract Number: THAD0105LB Sexuality and HIV Risk Amongst Gay Men: Options and Choices 24July 2014  16:30-18.00  Plenary 1 Association of Human Rights, Community Collectivisation and Vulnerability Reduction among Men who have Sex with Men in India: Myth or Reality? Authors: P. Prabhakar1, Sangram-Kishor Patel2, V.P. Rao2, Vijay Nair1, & James Robertson3 1India HIV/AIDS Alliance, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh; 2Population Council, New Delhi; 3India HIV/AIDS Alliance, New Delhi

  2. Background “The full realization of all human rights and fundamental freedoms for all is an essential element in the global response to the HIV epidemic, including in the areas of Prevention, Treatment, Care and Support.” Political declaration on HIV AIDS: Intensifying our efforts to eliminate HIV AIDS Adopted by the UN General Assembly on 10th June 2011

  3. Background What is Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code? Unnatural offences: Whoever voluntarily has carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal, shall be punished with imprisonment for life, or with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend to ten years, and shall also be liable to fine. • Increased vulnerability • Stigma & discrimination • Impedes effective HIV response

  4. Rationale for the Study • The protection and promotion of human rights are integral to reduction of vulnerabilities and risk for HIV infection among MSM, transgender and hijra communities (MTH) communities • Relationship between human rights, community mobilization and vulnerabilities among MSM are less explored.

  5. Objective Knowledge and Awareness of Human Rights and IPC Section 377 • Outcomes • Access to social protection schemes • Access to social entitlements • Violence reduction • Community Mobilization Processes • Collective efficacy • Collective agency • Collective action

  6. Data and Methods Study Design and Setting: Cross-sectional Behavioural Survey (2014) among MSM in selected districts of Andhra Pradesh state in southern India Sampling and Sample Size: Data from 1,200 MSM were collected from the program line listing using simple random sampling (SRS) Statistical Analysis: Descriptive statistics, frequency, bivariate analysis, multiple logistic regression analysis

  7. Background Characteristics • Age: Mean = 28.7 years (SD = 5.8 years) • Formal education: 86 percent • Marital Status • 60% never married • 33% currently married • 7% widowed/divorced/separated/deserted • Sexual Identity • Anal Receptive (Kothi) (47%) • Anal Penetrative (Panthi)(19%) • AC/DC ( Anal Penetrative and Receptive) (27%) • TG/Hijra/Others (7%)

  8. Result 1 Knowledge of Human Rights & IPC Section 377

  9. Result 2 Nearly three-fifths of MSM reported high collective efficacy and collective agency; and one-fifth reported high collective action

  10. Is there an association between community mobilization, knowledge about human rights, enabling environment and access to social protection?

  11. Result 3 Association between Human Rights with Outcome Indicators

  12. Result 4 Association between Community Collectivization and Human Rights Knowledge of human rights & section 377 AOR: 1.0 (0.7-1.3) AOR: 1.4 (1.1-1.9) Ever attempted to exercise any human rights Collectiveaction Collective agency AOR: 1.8 (1.2-2.7) AOR: 1.2 (0.9-1.5) Confident of organise and fight against section 377 AOR: 1.2 (0.8-1.5) AOR: 2.8 (2.1-3.7) Note: Odds Ratios are adjusted for age, education, marital status, typology of MSM

  13. Result 5 Association between Community Collectivization and Outcome Indicators Access to any social protection schemes AOR: 1.4 (1.1-1.9) AOR: 1.2 (0.9-1.6) Collective agency Collective efficacy AOR: 1.6 (1.2-2.1) AOR: 1.5 (1.2-2.0) Access to two or more social protection schemes Note: Odds Ratios are adjusted for age, education, marital status, typology of MSM

  14. Summary • The comprehensive knowledge about human rights and section 377 is considerably low • Knowledge about human rights and IPC 377 significantly associated with access to social protection schemes and entitlements. • MSM who have knowledge of right to education and those who ever attempted exercise human rights have reported higher access to social protection schemes and entitlements and face lessor violence. • Community mobilisation is significantly associated with increased knowledge about human rights as well as in enhancing the accessibility of social protection schemes

  15. Conclusions Our study reinforces the need for a rights based framework to complement stronger community mobilisation efforts for reduction of vulnerability and to improve social inclusion of MSM in India and elsewhere

  16. Thank you! Dr. P. Prabhakar Director, Regional Office India HIV/AIDS Alliance pprabhakar@allianceindia.org allianceindia.org

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