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Cattle Parasites

Cattle Parasites. Intestinal Nematodes. Loss of appetite Immuno-suppression Destruction of gastric glands and interference with protein digestion Loss of tissue fluid. Strongyles. Over 30 different genera and/or species of intestinal nematodes which have eggs that look similar.

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Cattle Parasites

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  1. Cattle Parasites

  2. Intestinal Nematodes • Loss of appetite • Immuno-suppression • Destruction of gastric glands and interference with protein digestion • Loss of tissue fluid

  3. Strongyles • Over 30 different genera and/or species of intestinal nematodes which have eggs that look similar. • “Strongyles or strongyle-type eggs” • In general, treated the same • Digestive tract • May compete for nutrients, cause tissue damage, or suck blood (anemia)

  4. Strongyles

  5. Trichostrongyles • Ostertagia ostertagi • Recognized as the most important nematode parasite of cattle raised in temperate climates • Can developmentally arrest • Large economic impact on cattle industry – treatment and prevention costs

  6. Ostertagia ostertagi • Brown stomach worm • 6-10 mm • Larvae destroy gastric glands • Severe diarrhea & weight loss • Fecal flotation • Tx: Albendazole, Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Moxidextin

  7. Cooperia spp. • Cattle bankrupt worm • 4-8 mm • D+ • Anorexia • Depressed growth • Synergistic with Ostertagia ostertagia • Fecal flotation • Tx: Albendazole, Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Moxidectin

  8. Bunostomum spp. • Hookworm • 10-28 mm • Anemia • D+ • Weight loss • Fecal flotation • Tx: Albendazole, Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Moxidectin

  9. Trichuris ovis • Whipworm • 2-3 mm • Rarely pathogenic • Fecal flotation • Tx: Fenbendazole, Ivermectin

  10. Capillaria sp. • Capillary worm • 5-8 mm • Mostly nonpathogenic • Fecal flotation • Tx: None tested

  11. Dictyocaulus viviparus • Lungworm • 3-8 cm • Cough • Dyspnea • Lethargy • Baermann technique, fecal flotation • Tx: Albendazole, Fenbendazole, Ivermectin, Moxidectin

  12. Fasciola hepatica • Common liver fluke • 3-4 cm • Hepatic trauma • Hepatitis • Death • Fecal sedimentation • Tx: Albendazole, Clorsulon, Nitroxynil, Raoxanide

  13. Moniezia benedeni • Tapeworm • Up to 100 cm • Mostly nonpathogenic • Proglottids on stool, fecal flotation • Tx: Albendazole, Dichlorophen, Fenbendazole, Niclosamide

  14. Tritrichomonas foetus • Trich • Protozoan • 10-25 um • Early abortion storms • Pyometra • Preputial washings & culture • Tx: Ipronidazole, Metronidazole

  15. Babesia bigemina • Babesia, Texas Cattle Fever • 2-3 um x 4-5 um • Anemia • Fever • Splenomegaly • Blood smear • Tx: Antibiotics, Dip for ticks

  16. Eimeria spp. • Coccidia • 16-47 um x 13-32 um • Bloody diarrhea • Death • Decreased production • D+ • Fecal flotation • Tx: Amprolium, Sulfamethazine

  17. Cryptosporidium spp. • Crypto • 6 um x 6 um • Zoonotic • D+ • Fecal flotation • Tx: Supportive care

  18. Cochliomyia hominivorax • Screwworm • Up to 15 mm • REPORTABLE • Maggots penetrate tissue • Identify larvae • Tx: Ivermectin, Organophosphates

  19. Cochliomyia hominivorax • Female can lay up to 500 eggs per day • Eggs hatch ~ 12 hours • Larvae feed and produce dark, foul-smelling liquid which attract more flies – can quickly become infested with thousands of larvae • Larvae feed for 5-7 days before dropping to ground as pupae • Pupae hatch into adults ~ 7 days

  20. Sarcoptes scabiei • Mange mite • REPORTABLE in some states • Skin scraping • Tx: Ivermectin, Eprinomectin, Doramectin

  21. Cattle Grub or Warbles • Hypoderma bovis or Hypoderma lineatum • Significance: hide and flesh damage = economic loss, irritation = weight loss and decreased milk production • Diagnosis: look for breathing pores or eggs on coat • Treatment: Avermectins

  22. Cattle Grub

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