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Ch 4 – A Tour of the Cell

Ch 4 – A Tour of the Cell. The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in the body. Prokaryote v. Eukaryote Are smaller than eukaryotic cells Lack internal structures surrounded by membranes Lack a nucleus There are three principal parts: plasma membrane (plasmalemma)

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Ch 4 – A Tour of the Cell

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  1. Ch 4 – A Tour of the Cell • The cell is the basic unit of structure and function in the body. • Prokaryote v. Eukaryote • Are smaller than eukaryotic cells • Lack internal structures surrounded by membranes • Lack a nucleus • There are three principal parts: • plasma membrane (plasmalemma) • cytoplasm and organelles • nucleus..

  2. Prokaryotic flagella Nucleoid region (DNA) Ribosomes Plasma membrane Cell wall Capsule Pili

  3. Centriole Ribosomes Not in most plant cells Lysosome Flagellum Cytoskeleton Plasma membrane Nucleus Mitochondrion Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Golgi apparatus

  4. Not in animal cells Cytoskeleton Mitochondrion Central vacuole Nucleus Cell wall Rough endoplamsicreticulum (ER) Chloroplast Ribosomes Plasma membrane Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Plasmodesmata Golgi apparatus

  5. Hydrophilic region of protein Phospholipid bilayer Hydrophobic region of protein (b) Fluid mosaic model of membrane • The plasma membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.

  6. The functions of plasma membrane include: • selectively permeable and surrounds the cellular contents. • regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell. • participates in intercellular communications..

  7. Transport of materials across the plasma membrane • In general: • large macromolecules cannot cross the membrane • charged molecules cannot cross the membrane • small, non-charged molecules can cross • water can cross..

  8. The cytoplasm (cytosol) is the gelatinous material inside the cell membrane but outside the nucleus. • The cytoplasm contains organelles which are sub-cellular structures that perform discrete functions. True organelles are bounded by a phospholipid membrane..

  9. The nucleus is a double-membrane organelle containing the nucleic acids (DNA) and at least one nucleolus (contains ribosomal RNA). • This organelle stores the genetic infor-mation and contains the blueprints for almost all protein syntheses. • DNA RNA protein..

  10. Ribosomes Chromatic Nucleolus Pore Nuclear envelope

  11. Organelles of a Typical Cell Ribosome Production of proteins – located attached to ER or free-floating Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) *Rough *Smooth Passageway for materials Produces proteins & processes molecules for secretion Produces lipids & detoxifies drugs & stores Ca++ Golgi Apparatus Packages material for export & processes macromolecules Vacuole & vesicle Storage..

  12. Lysosome Contains digestive enzymes. Each contains one specific enzyme. Chloroplasts Carries out photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O C6H12O6 + 6O2 Aerobic cellular respiration: C6H12O6 + 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O +ATP Mitochondria Cilia, flagella, microvilli Surface projections – increase surface area & produce movement..

  13. Walls of two adjacent plant cells Vacuole Plasmodesmata (channels between cells) CELL-CELL INTERACTIONS • Plant cells are encased by cell walls • These provide support for the plant cells

  14. Animal cells lack cell walls • They secrete a sticky covering called the extracellular matrix • This layer helps hold cells together • Animal cells connect by various types of junctions • Tight junctions • Adhering junctions • Communicating junctions

  15. Extracellular matrix (a) Tight junctions (b) Anchoring junctions (c) Communicating junctions Plasma membranes of adjacent cells Extracellular matrix

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