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The Crusades and Beyond

The Crusades and Beyond. Chapter 19 Sections 3-5. Crusades. Wars in which Christians from Western Europe tried to take Palestine from the Turks Last over 200 years 11 Crusades in total Unsuccessful in the end Effects of the Crusades Brought the East and West into close contact

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The Crusades and Beyond

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  1. The Crusades and Beyond Chapter 19 Sections 3-5

  2. Crusades • Wars in which Christians from Western Europe tried to take Palestine from the Turks • Last over 200 years • 11 Crusades in total • Unsuccessful in the end • Effects of the Crusades • Brought the East and West into close contact • The split between the churches became permanent • Weakened the Byzantine Empire • Strengthened power of Kings and ended Feudalism • Renewed interest in learning again

  3. Reasons why Trade increases • Outside invasions end • Farming methods improved • Feudalism broke down • Nobles wanted goods from the East • Burghers v. Lords and the Church • Lords saw towns as a threat to their power • Church leaders felt making money would corrupt people • Burghers resented Feudal laws and wanted to run their own affairs • Charters were granted • Documents that allowed towns to run their own affairs – given by the king – helps break feudalism and the power of the lords

  4. Cultural Changes as a Result of the Rise of Towns • Decline of feudalism • Middle Class – some town people became wealthy as nobles • Leisure time – free time • National languages used more than Latin • Rise of Monarchies • England – William the Conqueror • Claimed throne of England • Henry II • William’s great grandson – improved the legal system • Thomas A’ Becket • Archbishop – didn’t think clergy should be tried in Royal courts • Killed by Henry II’s Knights

  5. King John • Magna Carta – “Great Charter” • Nobles forced King John to sign it • King is no longer above the law; people have rights • Hundred Years War • Long series of Battles between France and England over part of France claimed by English Kings • Joan of Arc • 17 year old French Peasant girl • Claimed God told her to lead the French • Victory at Orleans • Eventually she was caught by the English and executed

  6. Germany – Holy Roman Empire • Confederation of German States – not truly united • Hapsburgs – Ruled the HRE for 700 years • Spain • 1469 – Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile united Spain • Catholic monarchs used religion to United the country while driving out Jews and Muslims • Inquisition • The Plague • Spread from Asia across to Europe • The “Black Death” • Killed 40-60 million people in China • Killed 18-38 million people in Europe • Spread by fleas on rats

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