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American Expansion Video Notes

American Expansion Video Notes. Reasons for Imperialism. Economic – need resources and markets Military strength – needed to expand economic interest Belief in racial superiority – the white r aces “God given duty” to civilize their “brown brothers”; Kiplings – “White Mans Burden”. Japan.

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American Expansion Video Notes

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  1. American Expansion Video Notes

  2. Reasons for Imperialism • Economic – need resources and markets • Military strength – needed to expand economic interest • Belief in racial superiority – the white races “God given duty” to civilize their “brown brothers”; Kiplings – “White Mans Burden”

  3. Japan • Date: 1853 – first approached with offer; 1854 – signed Treaty • Used Gunboat Diplomacy – threat of force to get agreement • Why: • Commodore Mathew Perry - Secure ports in Pacific to refuel naval ships • How: • 1853 – Perry & navy sail into Edo harbor in Japan with heavily armed ships • Result: • Japan opened trade, fair treatment to shipwreck sailors and allow US to refuel in Japan

  4. Alaska • Date: 1867 • Acquired through Purchase • Why: • Russia want to sell land to pay for Crimean War • U.S. Sec. of State Seward – saw Alaska value for trade, base for war, potential for resources – timber & fur • How: • Treaty of Cessations – purchased Alaska for 7.2M, 2.5 cents an acre • Results: • Seward ridiculed – “Seward’s Folly”, “Seward’s Ice Box” • US gained territory rich in oil

  5. Hawai’i • Date: • 1893: overthrow; threat of force • 1898: annexation • Acquired through overthrow & annexation • Why: • U.S. business interests – sugar • How: • Overthrow & then annexation • Results: • Gained refueling station & strategic military installation – Pearl Harbor

  6. Spanish-American War • Spanish misrule in Cuba • Cuban’s want independence • Am involved in Cuba b/c: • Spain violates Monroe Doctrine • US business investments: $50M in sugar/fruit; $100M trade investment • Causes: • Spain’s General Weyler sets up Reconcentration Camps – abuse of Cubans • Jingoism & Yellow Journalism; newspaper owner’s Hearst & Pulitzer get American’s riled up to support Cubans • De Lome Letter: Spanish Ambassador to US criticizes Pres. McKinley, Hearst publishes letter in newspaper – embarrasses Pres. • Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine battleship (at the time thought it was the Spanish, but found out later it was boiler room explosion on the ship)

  7. Span-Am War Continued • The War: • Theodore Roosevelt & Rough Riders, take Kettle Hill to win the war • More US soldiers died from disease and food poisoning than from the war • War lasted 15 months – “The Splendid Little War” • Results: • Teller Amendment, 1898 • US intervenes; secure “stable” government; not interfere with sovereignty • Occupied Cuba until 1902 • Platt Amendment, 1903 – Granted conditional Cuban independence: • US not interfere with Cuban sovereignty as long as they does the following: • No alliances with other countries that may take them over • US allowed to intervene to ensure Cuban independence • Cuba must lease Guantanamo base to US • Cuba must not acquire huge debt

  8. Puerto Rico • Date: 1898 • Spain surrenders territory to U.S. • Why: • Security • How: • Acquired as a result of Spanish-Am war through Treaty of Paris • Still a part of U.S. today • Results: • 1900 Foraker Act – Puerto Rico becomes an unincorporated territory, still is • Citizens under U.S. protection, given U.S. citizenship; can vote, have rights.

  9. Guam • Date: 1898 • Spain surrenders territory to U.S. • Why: • Used for strategic location in Pacific • How: • Acquired as a result of Spanish-Am war through Treaty of Paris • Still a part of U.S. today • Results: • 1950 Guam Organic Act–becomes an unincorporated territory, still is • Citizens under U.S. protection, given U.S. citizenship

  10. Philippines • Date: 1898 • US purchases Spain for $20M • Why: • Used for strategic location in Pacific • How: • Acquired as a result of Spanish-Am war through Treaty of Paris • US promised independence if help to fight the Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines • Rebel forces led by revolutionary Emilio Aguinaldo helps US • US does not give them their independence because believes they are not capable of ruling by themselves. • Results: • Becomes a Commonwealth unincorporated territory • Citizens under U.S. protection, given rights as a U.S. citizen but denied citizenship • Granted Independence in 1946 after WWII

  11. Anti-Imperialist • Am. Social Activists – • Threat to Am. value system – Democracy should not keep other countries in servitude • Cost to maintain army and navy to support imperialism • Take away jobs for Am. workers • Jane Adams – reformer (Hull House) was against it, so was Mark Twain - author

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