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G A LA X I E S. D H M H T R A R H G O P O U L O U Max- Planck- Institut fuer extr. Physik and Astrophysics Dept, University of Oxford. Eisagwgh Merikoi orismoi Morfologikh taxinomhsh galaxiwn Tupoi galaxiwn Galaxiake sugkrousei Schmatismo kai exelixh
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G A LA X I E S D H M H T R A R H G O P O U L O U Max- Planck- Institut fuer extr. Physik and Astrophysics Dept, University of Oxford
Eisagwgh Merikoi orismoi Morfologikh taxinomhsh galaxiwn Tupoi galaxiwn Galaxiake sugkrousei Schmatismo kai exelixh Galaxie - astrikh dhmiourgia
Gh = a / r r = a /p (rad) r = 206265 a / p r a p Hlio Eto fwto (light year): h apostash pou dianuei to fw (u = 3 x 10 5km/s) se ena crono 1 light year = 9.46 x 10 12km Parsek (parsec) : isodunamei me thn apostash sthn opoia h aktina peristofhV thV Gh isodunamei me 1 lepto tou toxou (1 arcsec) 1pc = 3.26 eth fwtoV a : astronomikh monada (apostash Hliou -Gh)
Merikoi ariqmoi: a-kentaurou: parallaxh 0.75 deut. tou toxou apostash 1.33 pc. HlioV: 8.5 kpc apo to kentro tou galaxia GalaxiaV - Andromeda: 0.7 Mpc QSOs 3000 Mpc = 9000 000 000 - 10 000 000 000 eth fwtoV
Galaxia Apotelountai apo astere (merike x 1000000000) mesoastriko aerio, mesoastrikh skonh Barutike dunamei Megeqh: 10000 -- 20000 eth fwto Fwteinothta: 10 9 -- 10 14 L Smhnh galaxiwn (1000000 -- 2000000 eth fwto) 70% einai speiroeidei omoioi me ton diko ma Galaxia
Charles Messier 1700’s Parathrhse gia prwth fora nefelwmata pou den htan planhteV oute astereV PrwtoV katalogoV galaxiwn (103) Herschel (1792-1871) prwto katalogo galaxiwn First General Catalogue Isaac Newton Telescope
M94-Sa M81-Sb M101-Sc M87-E0 M110-E5 M86-S0 M95-SBa M91-SBb M61-SBc Kanonikoi SpeiroeideiV Elleiptikoi Speiroeidei me rabdo
Elleiptikoi schma peplatusmenou sfairoeidou, lamprothta ellatwnetai apo to kentro pro to ceilo tou diskou. Analoga me th fainomenh platunsh • Z = 10 (a-b) /a Opou a kai b megalo kai mikro axona E0, E1, .. E7 (z=7) E7 E4 E0
Paradeigmata elleiptikwn galaxiwn Fwtografie me to HST ... merike fore mporoume na doume ta asteria eno galaxia (M32)
Speiroeidei galaxie Kanonikoi Rabdwtoi Lamproi bracione, summetrikoi w pro to kentro Kanonikoi: bracione xekinoun ap euqeia apo Ton purhna (Sa, Sb, Sc) Rabdwtoi: bracione xekinoun apo ta akra mia Rabdou (Sba, SBb, SBc) Analoga me to anoigma twn bracionwn kai thn ufh tou.
HST –WFPC2 GALAXY NGC 4639 NGC 1365 M100 Paradeigmata speiroeidwn galaxiwn
Anwmaloi galaxie Cwri kanonikh domh IrrI : den ecoun purhna, omoioi me Sc To astriko periecomeno omoio me auto twn speiroeidwn piqanh exelixh twn anomalwn se speiroeidh ; Irr II: idiomorfie twn IrrI Akanonisto schma amorfh domh cwriV speireV pollapleV peroceV astrikhV dhmiourgiaV
Smhnh Galaxiwn Abell 0957
Oi geitonikoi galaxie se apostash 1000 kpc apo to diko ma galaxia
Allhlepidrasei metaxu galaxiwn Arp 273 : Oi sugkrouomenoi galaxie anhkoun ston asterismo thV Andromeda. 200 ekat. eth fwtoV. NE galaxia : diataraxh tou diskou alla kanoniko purhna SW galaxia: nuclear Starburst (LINER) Eikona apo to NRAO (yeudo-crwmata)
Sugkroush duo galaxiwn me apotelesma thn enarxh entonh astrikh dhmiourgia sto kentro (HST optical, near-infrared composite image) The Carthweel Galaxy : Entone sugkrousei (daktulioV 150000 e.f. diametro!) (tacuthta 200000 milia thn wra!) 500 ekat. eth fwtoV makria daktulio to kentro tou galaxia
H skhnh tou egklhmato Me bash parathrhsei sta radiokumata h poreia tou galaxia pou prokalese th sugkroush mporei na diereunhqei
Oi galaxieV pou apartizoun to susthma Antenna 63 ekat eth fwtoV, 1 000 smhnh newn asterwn
Barnes & Hernquist : ProswmoiwseiV sugkrousewn se megalouV HU
diaspash stroformh stroformh Pw schmatizontai oi galaxie ; Megalh maza pou diaspatai (Monolithic Collapse) Meta apo 1x10 7 cronia
Mikre sugkentrwsei ulikou pou sunenwqhkan me to perasma tou cronou (Hierarchical Model for Formation)
RuqmoV astrikhV dhmiourgiaV ElleiptikoV galaxiaV (palaioi astereV ston purhna) cronoV SpeiroeidhV galaxiaV purhnaV kokkinoV = palaioi astereV diskoV mple = neoi astereV RuqmoV astrikhV dhmiourgiaV cronoV