Chapter 4 Sections 3-5

1. Chapter 4 Sections 3-5 The Middle and New Kingdoms

2. Vocabulary 4.3 • Middle Kingdom – Period of peace brought on by pharaohs after government officials became jealous and took power away from the pharaohs, started around 2100 BC and ended in 1786 BC • Hyksos– people from western Asia that invaded Egypt ending the Middle Kingdom

3. Ahmose – Egyptian prince who drove the Hyksos out of Egypt Vocabulary 4.4 • New Kingdom – Began around 1550 BC when Ahmose drove the Hyksos out of Egypt; time of great riches and expansion for Egypt • Thutmose III – Pharaoh who extended the Egyptian empire into Syria and Palestine • Hatshepsut – Pharaoh who set up extensive trade system and built elaborate temples through out Egypt

4. Ebony – Trees found in Egypt that produce a black lumber • Incense – materials that are burnt to produce scented smoke • Thebes – Capital of Egypt during the New Kingdom • Hieroglyphic – a type of writing that uses pictures to stand for words or sounds

5. Amenhotep IV (Akhenaton) – Pharaoh that came to power in 1370 BC, Shut down the traditional temples and Egypt and replaced them with his own • Tutankhamen (King Tut) – took power at age 9, closed down the temples of Akhenaton and restored Egypt to following Amon-Re, became the most famous of the Pharaohs after his tomb and treasures were discovered in 1922 • Assyrians – group of people that took over Egypt in 671 BC

7. 4.5 Vocabulary • Papyrus – Egyptian paper made of reeds • Survey – To measure land

8. 1. Where were the Pharaohs buried during the Middle Kingdom? What does this show? • In the sides of cliffs instead of the Pyramids • This shows a loss of power

9. 2. How did the Hyksos defeat the Egyptians? • The Hyksos had horse drawn carriages and weapons that were made of bronze and iron • The Egyptians traveled on foot and used weapons made of copper and stone

10. 3. What happened to Egypt during the New Kingdom? • The Pharaohs of this time period expanded Egypt’s boarders and the Egyptian Empire became very wealthy and powerful

11. 4. Where did Hatshepsut send traders? What did they trade and what did they bring back? • She sent traders out along the African Coast into the land called, Punt • They took beads and metal tools and traded them for ebony, incense, monkeys, furs, and hunting dogs

13. 5. What was the new god the Egyptians began to worship during the New Kingdom? • A combination between the God of Thebes (Amon) and the Sun God (Re) • Amon-Re

14. 6. Other than worship what did the Egyptians use temples for during the New Kingdom? • They were used and industrial centers for sculptors and artisans • This is also where the schools for young men who were training to be scribes were located • The temples also served as a treasury, a place were the counties valuables were stored

16. 7. How could a boy become a scribe? • Only if his father was a scribe could a boy go to school to become a scribe

17. 8. What did scribes do? • Wrote religious works • Kept records for the Pharaoh • Copied fairytales and stories • Wrote down medical prescriptions

18. 9. How did scribes make hieroglyphics usable? • They developed a style of writing where the pictures were rounded off and connected making it easier to read and understand

20. 10. What was the name of the god Amenhotep IV replaced Amon-Re with? What did he change his name to? • Aton • He changed his name to Akhenaton, which meant Spirit of Aton • Only certain members of his family and close advisors ever accepted his religion • When his son-in-law, Tutankhamen took power he returned Egypt’s religion to that of worshiping Amon-Re

21. Amenhotep IV

22. 11. Why did Egypt lose its power? • There was a struggle between the priests and the Pharaohs which weakened their leadership • The money that was needed to keep fighting wars to keep neighboring countries under Egyptian control was making Egypt broke

23. 12. Who took over Egypt in 671 BC, ending the great Egyptian Empires? • Assyrians

24. 13. What were some uses of papyrus, other than paper? • Baskets • Sandals • Rafts • Columns for houses

25. 14. What was the Egyptian number system based on? • 10

26. 15. How did the Egyptians make their calendar? Describe their calendar. • They based it on the flooding cycles of the Nile • They had 3 seasons with 120 says in each • They also had 5 main feast days to honor their gods

27. 16. In medicine what materials were the Egyptians the first to use? • They were the first to use splints, bandages, and compresses • They were very good at stitching wounds and setting broken bones • The Egyptians were the first culture to explore medicine and to try and make improvements and repairs to the human body

28. 17. What were the Egyptians using to treat indigestion and hair loss? • Indigestion = Castor Oil • Hair Loss = Dog Toes, Dates, Donkey Hoof

29. Egypt: Engineering an Empire CD-Rom Lesson Plan Set with DVD • History Channel