Chapter 4 Sections 3 and 4

1. Chapter 4 Sections 3 and 4 Fighting the American Revolution

2. Objectives • Trace the progress of the war through the turning point of Saratoga and winter at Valley Forge. • Examine the colonial economy and civilian life during the American Revolution. • List the war contributions of European allies. • Examine the Revolution in the Southern colonies. • Explain the British surrender at Yorktown. • Describe the symbolic value of the American Revolution.

3. What happened at the Battle of New York? • August 1776- British took New York City. • Many Loyalists in New York • Washington’s army was poorly equipped and had to retreat to Pennsylvania.

4. What happened at the Battle of Trenton? • Christmas night 1776- Washington and his army attacked a group of Hessian soldiers who had been partying all night. • 1,000 British and Hessian (German) soldiers were captured. • Boosted troop morale and many of the Continental Army signed on for another year.

5. What happened at the Battle of Philadelphia? • After Trenton, Washington and his men tried to retake Philadelphia. • The British won and retained Philadelphia.

6. Why was the Battle of Saratoga the turning point of the American Revolution? • Fought in New York (1777) • The Continental Army proved they could defeat the British. • With this victory, France financial and military support to the American colonies. • Ben Franklin helped to negotiate an alliance with France.

7. What happened at Valley Forge? • Washington and his troops spent the winter at Valley Forge, PA. • Over 2,000 soldiers died from hunger or frostbite. • Most soldiers died from disease, starvation, or cold rather than battle wounds.

8. How did the war affect American society? • Economy suffered (printed money with no backing causing inflation- rise in the price of goods) • Struggle for supplies • Profiteering- selling weapons and goods at a high price. • Women had to run homes and businesses. • Many African Americans fought to escape slavery.

9. What help did the Europeans offer? • Friedrich von Steuben- Prussian officer and drillmaster trained American troops. • Marquis de Lafayette- Frenchman who helped Washington and his army.

10. Why did the British forces move South? • Summer of 1778 the British moved to the South because of more Loyalist support. • The British led by Cornwallis took Savannah, GA and Charles Town SC. • General Greene of the Continental Army defeated the British at Cowpens.

11. How did the American forces win at Yorktown (1781)? • American and French forces blockaded the British led by Cornwallis. • This caused the British to surrender and was the final battle of the war.

12. What were the peace terms to end the American Revolution? • John Adams, Ben Franklin, and John Jay were sent to Paris to negotiate the peace. • Treaty of Paris(1783)- U.S. became an independent nation, Britain gave up all land claims in America.

13. What did the Revolution mean to citizens? • Brought all classes of people fought together for a cause. • Egalitarianism- belief in the equality of all people. People should be valued for ability and effort (not wealth). Applied only to white males.

14. Objectives • Trace the progress of the war through the turning point of Saratoga and winter at Valley Forge. • Examine the colonial economy and civilian life during the American Revolution. • List the war contributions of European allies. • Examine the Revolution in the Southern colonies. • Explain the British surrender at Yorktown. • Describe the symbolic value of the American Revolution.