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Introduction to Linux Operating System Tutorial 1

Introduction to Linux Operating System Tutorial 1. ENGR 3950U / CSCI 3020U Operating Systems Instructor: Dr. Kamran Sartipi. Linux. Linux and Unix Time Sharing OPS Time Sharing means allowing multiple users to use the system simultaneously Unix was created in 1969 at Bell-Labs

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Introduction to Linux Operating System Tutorial 1

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  1. Introduction to Linux Operating SystemTutorial 1 ENGR 3950U / CSCI 3020U Operating Systems Instructor: Dr. Kamran Sartipi

  2. Linux • Linux and Unix • Time Sharing OPS • Time Sharing means allowing multiple users to use the system simultaneously • Unix was created in 1969 at Bell-Labs • Linux was created in 1991 at the university of Helsinki in Finland • Linux is similar to Unix in some aspects

  3. Logon and Logoff • Local and Remote Login • Special Privileges for some user • SSH and Telnet • Text and GUI interface • Linux Shell

  4. Linux Shell • Shell: an interface between user and linux/unix kernel • Popular shells: Bash, Csh, Tcsh, Zsh • Shell can excutes external programs • Searches in the PATH • Excutable files in Linux • In contrast to MS-DOS, in linux shells most of the work is done by external programs • For example: ls

  5. PATH variable • > echo $PATH • > PATH=~/bin:$PATH> export PATH • PATH is a shell environment variable • Use “set” to see those variables

  6. Shell Path • Where is an executable? • Use “whereis” command • whereis: locates the binary, source, and manual page files for a command • > whereis ls • Home Directory • The main directory assigned to a user account • > echo $HOME • “~” has the same value as $HOME

  7. Shell Startup File • Comparable to Autoexec.bat in DOS • When BASH is started it executes the below file: • .bash_profile • At the exit time .bash_logout is executed • .bash_history contains command history • /etc/passwd contains username and passwords used at the login time

  8. Shell Environment Variables • Some important ones: • HOME • PATH • PWD • TERM • DISPLAY • USER • HOSTNAME

  9. General-Purpose Commands • Display Time and Date • date • Dipslaying a text file • less, more, cat • >less ./bash_profile • Directory Operators • mkdir, rmdir, ls , pwd , cd

  10. Getting Help • Linux is full of detail, it is better to know how to find something rather than trying to memorize it • Three help resources: • man • info • help • “man” is the most widely used one

  11. Section 6 - Games for Linux Section 7 - Macro Packages and Conventions Section 8 - System Management Commands Section 9 - Kernel Routines Section 1 – Commands Section 2 - System Calls Section 3 - Library Calls Section 4 - Special Files Section 5 - File Formats and Conversions “man” Pages • >man –k password • >man 2 open • “man” has 9 sections

  12. Some extra commands • Displaying system uptime: uptime • Displaying a calendar: cal 3 2003 • Changing Password: Passwd • Command history: history • Midnight commander: mc • Secure-shell: ssh • C compiler: gcc

  13. Editors and Development environments VI KDevelop Anjuta Gedit Kwrite Emacs …

  14. Web Resources • Linux Documentation Project: • www.linuxdoc.org • Contains a enormous number of books, how-to documents and FAQs on Linux

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