nt.ntnu.no/~yingday/NanoNFR

1. Background for FEG-STEM Mapping As shown in TEM bright-field micrographs of the cross-sectional specimens, in most of regions, noPb segregated particles is observed as shown in the left figures from theAl-Pb 50ppm alloy annealed at 600C for 1 h (a) and 4 h (b) with the oxide layer around 100 nm on the Al matrix; meanwhile in some other regions, the Pb-containing particles are segregated at the metal-oxide interface as shown in the far-right figure from theAl-Cu 0.5ppm-Pb 20ppm alloy annealed at 600C for 1 h, followed with WQ. www.nt.ntnu.no/~yingday/NanoNFR

2. HRTEM identifications (lattice parameters of all possible Phases) The lattice planes and distances of the possible phases related with the present HRTEM investigation Al FCC Cubic a = 0.405 nm 0.203 nm (200) 0.234 nm (111) 0.236 nm (133) 0.277 nm (202) 0.453 nm (111) g-Al2O3 FCC Cubic a = 0.784 nm Spinel 0.248 nm (200) 0.286 nm (111) Pb FCC Cubic a = 0.494 nm 0.276 nm (111) 0.278 nm (210) 0.291 nm (106) PbAl12O19Hexagonal a = 0.555 c = 0.219nm - - - * The precision lattice parameters are cited from X-ray diffraction measurements www.nt.ntnu.no/~yingday/NanoNFR

3. Pb-containing particles are in metallic form One of examples of the segregated Pb HRTEM identification in CuPbAl alloy 1h annealed at 600ºC, followed with water quenching. www.nt.ntnu.no/~yingday/NanoNFR

4. TEM EDS analysis from the regions withoutPb segregated particle The motivation of FEG-STEM mapping is attempting to figure out whether there is a super saturated solid-solution layer around the metal-oxide interface region. (the Al-Pb 50ppm 2h annealed WQ specimen was used for the present investigation) The results indicated the increasing Pb segregation at the metal-oxide interface with increasing annealing time, (a) 1 h, (b) 2 h and (c) 4 h. www.nt.ntnu.no/~yingday/NanoNFR