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“America Mobilizes for War”. Notes: Chapter 17 Section 1. I.) The Aftermath of Pearl Harbor. 2, 403 Americans killed 1, 178 American wounded 21 ships sunk/damaged 300 aircraft damaged/destroyed. http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm.
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“America Mobilizes for War” Notes: Chapter 17 Section 1
I.) The Aftermath of Pearl Harbor • 2, 403 Americans killed • 1, 178 American wounded • 21 ships sunk/damaged • 300 aircraft damaged/destroyed
Japan hoped to show Japanese Power and Strike fear into America • What they got: “Patriotism” • Battle cry “Remember Pearl Harbor” • Million Americans join military • http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/fdrpearlharbor.htm
5 million Americans volunteer Selective Service System (draft) provide 10 million men Segregated units for minority groups Noncombat role until April 1943
Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC): supported by General George Marshall which allowed women volunteers to serve in noncombat positions 1. Established in May, 1942 H. Served as nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, electricians, and pilots (noncombat jobs)
II.) War Effort on the Home Front • Men and Women go to work for the war effort • Factories to war production 1. Automobile plants convert to produce tanks, planes, boats, and military vehicles C. Shipyards and defense plants convert to meet wartime needs
18 million workers in war industries • 6 million were women 1. “Rosie the Riveter”= term given to women employed in war industries during WWII 2. earned 60% of male salary http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9GarCzR_6Ng • 2 million minority workers 1. racial discrimination leads to labor leader A. Philip Randolph to convince FDR to allow full equality in war industries
III.) Mobilization of Scientists • In 1941 Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) established. Goal: bring scientists into war effort • Projects: 1. radar & sonar 2. pesticides 3. penicillin 4. atomic bomb 1939 German scientists split atom 1941 committee studies making bomb (3-5 years) 1942 Manhattan Project= program for scientists to create the atomic bomb http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MhSKqzwwypQ
IV.) Federal Govt. and Industry • Economic Controls: attempt by govt. to control rapid inflation and rising prices for products 1. Office of Price Administration (OPA): froze wages, prices on goods, & rent 2. Department of the Treasury: issue “war bonds” to raise money for the war effort & fight inflation 3. The War Production Board (WPB): decided which companies to convert to war effort & allocated raw materials for war effort
V.) The Home Front A. Rationing: OPA set up a system which established fixed allotments of military essential goods each individual household can buy during WWI
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWlIfH8SR50 • Examples of Items rationed: meat, shoes, sugar, coffee, and gasoline http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rKP-eQNP7gU