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Fungi

Fungi. What do fungi “eat?”. Some fungi are decomposers. They b reak down complex molecules into simple ones. Examples: common bread mold (eats carbs in bread) shelf fungi on logs (eats carbs in cell wall of wood) white button mushrooms in store (eats sugars and cellulose in dung).

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Fungi

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  1. Fungi Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  2. What do fungi “eat?” • Some fungi are decomposers. • They break down complex molecules into simple ones. • Examples: • common bread mold (eats carbs in bread) • shelf fungi on logs (eats carbs in cell wall of wood) • white button mushrooms in store (eats sugars and cellulose in dung) Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  3. What do fungi “eat?” • Some fungi are symbiotic fungi. • They receive their food energy directly from a plant or algal partner Examples: • mycorrhizal fungi (live on plant roots) • lichens (contain algae) Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  4. What else do fungi “eat?” • Predatory fungi, catch and digest other organisms (like nematodes) But still absorptive nutrition! Just have to catch it first… Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  5. Some are parasitesAthlete’s foot Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  6. Ringworm Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  7. How do fungi eat? • Heterotrophs (cannot make their own food like plants) • Secrete enzymes outside of their bodies, “digest” the food outside of their cells and then absorb the molecules into their cells. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  8. Lichens are a combination fungus and alga. • Commensal relationship Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  9. Lichens Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  10. What does a fungus body look like? Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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  12. Fungi are made of hyphae(cells joined in thread-like strands) Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  13. Mushrooms are for sexual reproduction (~flowers)Mycelium = body of the fungus Hyphae = the “bricks” from which the mushroom is built Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  14. Example of a “humungous fungus” • Armillaria bulbosa – a mushroom producing wood decomposer • Covers at least 38 acres in a forest in Michigan • Estimated to weigh 100 tons (size of a blue whale) • Estimated to be at least 1500 yrs old Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  15. Why should you care about fungi? A few reasons: • They make foods we like to eat • Mycorrhizae are responsible for plant life on land and high productivity rates • They decompose wood and organic matter • Penicillin and other medicines Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  16. Examples of foods made possible by fungi Yeast • Beer and Wine • Bread Mushrooms • White button, crimini,portabella • Truffles, chanterelles Mycoprotein (food additive like tofu) • Cheese • Rennin, • blue cheese • Soy sauce • Tempeh • Citric acid • (soft drinks) Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  17. Mycorrhizae • “myco” = fungus and “rhiza” = root • Symbiotic association between plant roots and fungi • Several different types of association (defined by structure of fungus:plant interface) Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  18. Mycorrhizal benefits Fungi increase the water and nutrients available to their plant partners leading to: • Greater plant productivity Left: No mycorrhizal fungi Right: With mycorrhizal fungi Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  19. Fungi are important decomposers! Fungi decompose cellulose to glucose and play a major role in the global carbon cycle. Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  20. Fungi make antibiotics - Penicillium WWI, bacterial infections killed more soldiers than bullets. 1928 Dr. Andrew Fleming working at St. Mary’s Hospital in London noticed that mold growing on staph bacterial culture plates had killed the pathogen zone of dead bacteria Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

  21. Why do fungi make antibiotics? Fungi produce antibiotics for the same reason we need them: to fight off bacterial infections Downloded from www.pharmacy123.blogfa.com

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