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April. 2005

WiMAX: 4G or Never ? BeyondSpot Technology. April. 2005. Highlight. What is WiMAX? (or “ Mobile WiMAX” more precisely)

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April. 2005

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  1. WiMAX: 4G or Never ? BeyondSpot Technology April. 2005

  2. Highlight • What is WiMAX? (or “Mobile WiMAX” more precisely) • WiMAX is a marketing term, a certification body, or an industry ad-hoc forum to complete IEEE 802.16 standard (marketing, regulatory, interoperability, test, certification, and high level protocol) • IEEE 802.16 also known as BWA or WirelessMAN • WiFi  IEEE 802.11 (WirelessLAN) = WiMAX  IEEE 802.16 • Why chose such topic? • mobility extension started in late 2002 • WiMAX is recognized as one of the new competitions to CDMA based 3G • Other competitions are proprietary technologies, WiFi, Mesh, or IEEE 802.20 • Can WiMAX be 4G or Never? • OFDM/OFDMA based broadband mobile is recognized as 4G (beyond 3G) • This presentation shares our story OFDM? CDMA?

  3. 1 Billion Subscriber Broadband Mobile Access 300 Million Subscriber Market Size Cellular Data 1 Billion Users 200 Million Users Internet 2010 1998 Drivers from Two Worlds • Broadband Access is a merging process • Legacy Cellular, led by 3GPP and 3GPP2, extends bandwidth to support broadband data services, especially in IP format. • Fixed Wireless, led by IEEE, enhances techniques to support mobility. • 3GPP (UMTS/WCDMA) and 3GPP2(CDMA2000) started from ITU IMT-2000.

  4. Migration of WiMAX SOC Available Data Rate Standard Maturing Standard Maturing Fixed WiMAX IEEE 802.16d 2005 Portable WiMAX Nomadic WiMAX IEEE 802.16d/e 2006? Mobile WiMAX IEEE 802.16e 2007? Mobility

  5. Convergence Sub Layer Packet Classifier Header Suppression IP Ethernet ATM MAC Layer PDU Generation PDU Reassembly Connection Management Bandwidth Management Net Entry PHY Burst Scheduling Security/Privacy Key, AES, EAP Power Mgnt Sleep/Idle ARQ Handoff PHY Layer OFDMA 2-11GHz 2048FFT OFDM 2-11GHz 256FFT SC 10-66GHz SCa 2-11GHz OFDMA 2-11GHz (PAR <6GHz) 128, 256, 512,1024, 2048 802.16d 802.16e WiMAX 802.16e Compatibility with 16d • 802.16e is the mobile extension from 802.16 • Modification in PHY from OFDM to Scalable OFDMA • Modification in MAC for security, handoff, roaming, & resource management

  6. Alliance Fixed/Nomadic Portable/Mobile IEEE802.16 2004 and TGe Air Interface standard Players in WiMAX Forum • WiMAX SOC/System Pairs (examples) • Intel  Proxim, Alvarion, ZTE, Alcatel,… • Fujitsu  WiLAN, Aperto • Wavesat  ATMEL • LG Nortel… and more • WiMAX Forum has >200 members • Marketing, technical, interoperability and spectrum And a lot more…..

  7. A Million Dollar Question • Can WiMAX (16e) be the broadband candidate after 3G? • WiMAX brings higher throughput and longer range, it is a growing threat to the deployment of 3G and the promised ROI in every 3G business model • or just an idea that sounds great but never comes true? • WiMAX inherits issues of 3G and has even more challenges in spectrum, the following presentation provides a balanced view 4G?

  8. Signal Sent Signal Received Advantages in Multipath • OFDMA carries advantages in “Multipath” • CDMA uses the whole spectrum, wasting system resource to combat frequency selective fading. • CDMA also creates worse interference problem • OFDMA only select subcarriers with less channel degradation, prevent wasting system resource (power or throughput ) => achieving higher system capacity. Multipath

  9. 5MHz 500kHz 15 MHz 20 MHz Spectral Efficiency Wins • Spectrum efficiency is an important factor for data service • The scarce of available (or useful) spectrum makes efficiency a key factor to approve spectrum and the success of business model. • Regulatory bodies shall recycle spectrum for existing systems with low spectral efficiency. • Future systems with high spectrum re-use advantages or higher spectral efficiency shall have favored allocation during application. • 2.5G TDMA: Very limited data rate and low spectral efficiency (1.0-1.5 bps/Hz) • 3G WCDMA: Reasonable data rate, range, and mobility, improved spectral efficiency (1.5-2.5 bps/Hz) • WiMAX:OFDMA, Up to 2048FFT much improved range and mobility, potential for best spectral efficiency (3-4 bps/Hz) • WiFi: OFDM 64FFT, Reasonable data rate, limited range and mobility, improved spectral efficiency (2-3 bps/Hz)

  10. WiMAX Global Harmonization • WiMAX has global harmonization • WiMAX forum pushes harmonization between IEEE and ETSI; there is only one WiMAX standard (ETSI has not fully adopted Mobile WiMAX yet) • WiMAX share one MAC for all, fixed, portable, and mobile • 3G breaks into WCDMA (3GPP), CDMA2000 (3GPP2), and more • Among WCDMA, venders has their own proprietary modes. • China has TDS-CDMA, US has UWC-136, and Japan has DoCoMo 3G… WCDMA CDMA2000

  11. WiFi WiMAX Local Optimization is Better • Future terminal can handover among multiple standards • Thanks to high integration of silicon, dual-/tri- mode terminals are practical. • Each standard is optimized for a specific environment, saving resource. • Avoid sacrificing power to support indoor users. • 802.11 covers indoor users • 802.16d covers fixed outdoor • 802.16e covers moving vehicles

  12. VoIP Changes Telecomm • VoIP changes everything ! • The growing popularity of VoIP triggers the demand for IP based access and changes the landscape of telecomm • 3G products are compatible with traditional circuit based PSTN and PSMN, while 4G may only need to support VoIP with gateway and gatekeeper separately purchased

  13. Voice Application Application TCP/IP TCP/IP Voice Voice Transport Transport Transport Regulatory Difficulty • VoIP over WiMAX has no obligation to secure QoS • From architecture point of View VoIP challenges Traditional Telecom Regulatory Model. Is it an application or a telecomm service? • When voice is no longer consider as telecommunication service, it is not bounded for availability, emergency service (911), or voice quality of service • It is a pure low cost application, not a telecom service • VoIP Can Not Address: • 99.999% availability • The high quality of voice support as 3G • The same level of robustness as circuit • The same level of QoS as circuit

  14. OFDM Symbol Power Peak Power Average Power Guard Interval IFFT Symbol Duration Time Power and RF Constraint • Battery Life Challenge • WiMAX standard was targeted to long range (high power), fixed (non-battery based), or portability (recharged daily), not mobility. • Higher data rate demands higher power transmission; battery technology show difficulty to catch up with the such demand. • Power consumption of WiMAX device could be a major problem. • 802.16’s Effort in Power/RF • Power-Saving mode and Scalable OFDMA are added to 802.16e • But higher FFT has more severe PAPR (peak to average power ratio) • Challenge the RF design for WiMAX

  15. APPLICATION WiMAX Based Network 3G Based Network WiMAX MAC/PHY WiMAX/3G Dual MAC/PHY 3G MAC/PHY Hi Layer Protocol Integration • High Layer mobility is a challenge • IEEE 802.16 by its mandate (PAR) only defines protocol stacks in the PHY and MAC layer, 802.16e defines mobility support for MAC and PHY only • Lack of network layer mobility completion • WiMAX Forum is supposed to cover network mobility, but… • WiMAX forum has weak experience in end-to-end protocol stack development • WiMAX is a pure industry ad-hoc group, like WiFi, which may not be the appropriate place to deal with Network Mobility standards • Integration with legacy network requires support from the carriers

  16. Steady Growth Disappointment Rebuild Business Model Marketing Hype Market & Time Competition • Market takes time! • Markets takes time to mature; most new services will follow the letter “N” curve as below • Fixed WiMAX technology is far from mass adoption, mobile WiMAX would take even longer • WiMAX has risks too! • Mobile WiMAX market is squeezed by both 3G, Flash OFDM, and WiFi. • 802.11e, 11r, and 11n are enhancing QoS, handover, and throughput. • HSDPA (of 3G) shorten the gap with WiMAX in throughput. • Flash OFDM (by Flarion) has demonstrated end-to-end solution. WiMAX Marketing Guy

  17. Global Spectrum Availability • Lack of Spectrum • most licensed spectrum for broadband are either for fix services or for 3G; • hard to use license-exempt band to provide QoS guarantee mobile services • WiMAX Forum is working on regulatory drawbacks, but progress is slow 5.725 - 5.825 GHz (U-NII) or 5.725-5.850 GHz (ISM) 2.4 - 2.485 GHz (WLAN, Indoor Only) 3.5GHz (WLL) License bands 5.25 - 5.35 GHz (U-NII, Outdoor/Indoor) 2.5-2.6GHz MDS, MMDS License bands ) 5.4 - 5.725 GHz (RLAN, Europe)

  18. Back to Square One • Recent Trend in IEEE Standard Body • More members notice the challenge of WiMAX for 4G, and recognize the value to demonstrate success of WiMAX first in Fix services, shown below. • Progress in maintenance group is slow • Worst case, WiMAX is back to square one (day one) as a pure fix standard!

  19. BeyondSpot White Papers • BeyondSpot Offers White Papers for Selected Customers • Fixed wireless based WiMAX and QoS • Please find me to exchange business cards

  20. Conclusions Opportunity of WiMAX for 4G • Most information on WiMAX comes from press releases or the campaign of WiMAX forum, not balanced. • It is equally important to see through the marketing smoke and understand the real challenges. • We provide view points from both ends; • Almost equal weight in YES and NO to become 4G by (Mobile) WiMAX. • Service providers should not make investment decision without knowing the risks; • But can not afford not to know about WiMAX. • WiMAX is a worth watching topic ! Yes No

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