Won Sik Choi , Prof. Ph.D. (Chungnam National Univ. in Korea) Kwang Sik Ahn , Teacher, Ph.D.

1. Learning Behavioral Styles of K-12 to Adult Learners in e-Learning Environment in Korea- with the development of measuring instrument Won Sik Choi, Prof. Ph.D. (Chungnam National Univ. in Korea) Kwang Sik Ahn, Teacher, Ph.D. (Kunsan Technical High School in Korea) Yoon Young Cha, Teacher (Bundang Middle School in Korea)

2. 3 3 Background 1 3 Tool Making Process LBS by Learner Types 4 2 LBS & Its Constituents http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Contents

3. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Background (1/5) • In EL environment, our learners learn what they want to learn even if the EL content induces them to follow the learning paths it directs. • This means that the learners get their knowledge from their learning behaviors in the EL environment.

4. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Background (2/5) • In this sense, it would have more educational value for us to find out each learner’s LBS than to find out the individual LS. • Because LS is very ambiguous in applying it to our learners’ knowledge achievement or knowledge improvement.

5. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Kolb’s Learning Styles (3/5)

6. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Free Learning Styles Inventory(4/5)

7. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)(5/5)

8. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Tool Making Process of LBS in EL(1/6) • First, 90 preliminary items were developed on the basis of literature review on the related subjects. • For the content validity of the items, 16 EL experts of Delphi members examined the 90 items.

9. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Tool Making Process of LBS in EL(2/6) • Through several discussion, examination, and adjustment of the items with the Delphi members, • the content validity were investigated twice and 38 items were deleted whose CVR was lower than the criterion. • As the result, the 52 items were secured for the analysis.

10. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Tool Making Process of LBS in EL(3/6) • The targeted subjects were adults who are over the age of 20 and have taken EL classes more than twice or for more than two semesters held by universities, companies, or educational organizations throughout the country, Korea.

11. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Tool Making Process of LBS in EL(4/6) • 967 learners were selected and 642 filled out the questionnaire. • But 35 were excluded because of the insincere response, so 607 were used for the analysis.

12. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Tool Making Process of LBS in EL(5/6) • After the factor-analysis on the 607 learners’ responses for the 52 items, • four factors comprising 20 items of LBSs in EL were drawn since some items in the four factors have multi-co-linearity and some other items have too low EIGEN values.

13. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Tool Making Process of LBS in EL(6/6) • As the result, final secured four factors, perfectly divided by five items each, were drawn from the 20 items. • Therefore, these 20 items become the final measuring tool for the LBS in EL environment.

14. Factor 1 Positive and Cooperative Learning Behavioral Style Factor 2 Environment Independent and Self-taught Learning Behavioral Style Factor 3 Environment Dependent and Self-taught Learning Behavioral Style Factor 4 Passive Learning Behavioral Style http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr 4 Factors and their Names

15. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Naming and its Items(1/4) • Factor 1 : Positive and Cooperative LBS • I like to work with others. • I like group activities. • I like to do assignment with other learners. • I like to study in group when learning. • I offer my opinion actively in group discussion.

16. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Naming and its Items(2/4) • Factor 2 : Environment Independent and Self-taught LBS • I do control my learning progress for my self. • I do study further finding more materials related with internet lecture for my self. • I have my own plan about learning progress. • I have enough background knowledge when taking classes. • I do all assignments as soon as I get them.

17. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Naming and its Items(3/4) • Factor 3 : Environment Dependent and Self-taught LBS • I prefer to be given the definitive direction about assignment. • I can understand easily when an instructor explains. • I want to be instructed in detail about what to study and how to study. • I can learn better when I interact well with an instructor. • I won’t allow classes to interfere with other area of my life.

18. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Naming and its Items(4/4) • Factor 4 : Passive LBS • I like the instructor who is indifferent to me. • I am not likely to offer my own opinion when taking classes. • I like the instructor who doesn’t point me out. • I don’t ask any questions even when I am curious about something. • I give up studying when I can’t understand the lesson.

19. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Learning Behavioral Styles by Grade Level

20. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr

21. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Learning Behavioral Styles by Gender

22. http://webcai.cnu.ac.kr Conclusion • The learners’ LBS known by using this measuring tool would be able to provide an valuableinformation about learners in EL environment to the instructors in the EL classes or the instructional designers of web contents with LMS

23. Thank You!!