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Unit 1: American Historical Survey

Unit 1: American Historical Survey. Stuff you SHOULD remember. Road Map for the Unit. America before the Europeans Spanish conquest and exploration European colonization and competition American Revolution and the Constitution

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Unit 1: American Historical Survey

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  1. Unit 1: American Historical Survey Stuff you SHOULD remember

  2. Road Map for the Unit • America before the Europeans • Spanish conquest and exploration • European colonization and competition • American Revolution and the Constitution • Expansion of the country – Louisiana Purchase, Texas and the Mexican War

  3. Discovery? • 1492 – 1,000,000+ inhabitants • 6 main geographic regions – each with their own “personality”

  4. Mound Builders • A group of cultures under one collective name • 3000 BC to 16th century • Lived throughout modern mid west and south east

  5. Anasazi & Hohokam • Lived throughout modern SW United States • Famous for cliff dwellings and use of irrigation to farm • Possibly driven to cliffs and plateaus for safety and protection of food sources

  6. Discovery? • Latin America was home to 14,000,000+ • The “Great” Civilizations • Olmecs • Mayans • Aztec • Inca

  7. Olmecs • 3000+ yrs ago • Gulf coast/Yucatan in Mexico • Possibly the foundation for the major civilizations that followed • Mesoamerican ball game • Long count calendar • Ritual bloodletting

  8. Mayans • Developed throughout the Yucatan and Central America • Built huge temples and cities • Social class system • Priests, Nobles/Govt officials/Warriors, Peasants, Slaves • Excellent astronomers • Developed an abacus(Nepohualtzintzin) • Famous for their calendar(s) • Tzolkin (260) and the Haab(365) work in tandem to form the Calendar Round(52 years) • Long Count Calendar created to keep track of earlier/later dates

  9. Tulum Chichen Itza Tikal Palenque

  10. Aztecs • Large part of their history – nomads • Looking for their “legend” • Tenochtitlan • Developed an empire in central Mexico(Mexico City) • Social Class system • Emperor/Royalty, Priests/Nobles, Warriors, Merchants, Farmers, Slaves

  11. Aztecs

  12. Incas • The largest empire in the Americas • Developed system of terraces and roads through the mountains. • Government stored surplus • Had to be married by 20 • Gold was the sweat of the “gods”

  13. Inca

  14. “Discovery” Theories • 1421 Theory • Chinese • Evidence is sketchy • Map • Artifacts • Native American art • Why isn’t there more concrete evidence?

  15. “Discovery” Theories • The Viking Theory • Erik the Red settled on Greenland • Leif Eriksson left to explore and eventually set up a colony on “Vinland” (Newfoundland)

  16. European Exploration

  17. European Exploration • Portugal and Spain began looking for a better route • October 12, 1492 Columbus lands at San Salvador • 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas(Line of Demarcation) • 1519 – Magellan begins his trip around the world • 5 ships and 251 crew • 1522 – 1 ship and 18 crew arrive back in Spain * Spain decides to focus on the Americas

  18. Spanish Conquest and Empire • Conquistadors • Ponce de Leon – Fountain of Youth • Cortes – Aztecs • Pizarro – Inca • Hernando de Soto and Francisco Coronado – cities of gold(SE and SW) • Quickly established a class system • Peninsulares – Spanish born • Creoles – Spanish parents but born in Americas • Mestizos – Spanish/Indian • Indians

  19. Colonizing North America • European rivalries drove competition • NW Passage • Protestant Reformation • Queen Elizabeth – “rob and steal”

  20. Colonizing North America • New France • Cours de bois • New Netherland • English colonies • Roanoke • Jamestown • Disney • House of Burgesses • Plymouth

  21. 13 English Colonies • Divided into 3 regions • New England • Middle • Southern

  22. A New Society • “Triangular trade” • Mercantilism • Navigation Acts (1650-96) • Staples Act (1663)

  23. Roots of Revolution Take Hold • English Bill of Rights • Enlightenment thinkers • John Locke, Jean Jaque Rousseau, Baron Montesquieu • Great Awakening • Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield • Education systems

  24. Roots of Revolution Take Hold • French and Indian War • Ft Necessity • Early success went to the French • Pitt’s policies • Treaty of Paris (1763)

  25. Post-War Problems • INDIANS • British had complete control of the Ohio River Valley • Pontiac’s War • Proclamation of 1763

  26. Post-War Problems • Many colonists ignored it • Daniel Boone and the Cumberland Gap

  27. Post-War Problems • TAXES • Britain’s heavy war debt • Sugar Act (1764) • Stamp Act (1765)

  28. Post-War Problems • Townshend Acts (1767) • Writs of Assistance • Sons/Daughters of Liberty

  29. British Strike Back • Boston Massacre • Rowdy crowd + nervous soldiers = BAD • Son of Liberty/press hyped it up • Committees of Correspondence (Adams) • Townshend Acts repealed, BUT tax on tea stayed • Parliament passed Tea Act (1773) • Cut out the tea merchants

  30. British Strike Back • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts • Boston Harbor • 1 town mtg/yr • Trials in Britain • Quartering Act

  31. British Strike Back • First Continental Congress (1774) • Boycott British goods • No more exports • Militias • Shot heard round the world………

  32. The Revolution Begins • Second Continental Congress • Fort Ticonderoga • Ethan Allen and the GMB • Olive Branch Petition

  33. The Revolution Begins • Bunker Hill/Breed’s Hill • Failed invasion of Canada • Benedict Arnold

  34. The Revolution Begins • Declaring Independence • Common Sense • Adams, Franklin, Jefferson • 3 parts • Natural Rights • British Wrongs • Independence

  35. Key Events • Disastrous early on • Training • Nathan Hale • Battle of Trenton/Princeton • Turning point of the war - Saratoga • Valley Forge • European help • von Steuben – Drill master • de Lafayette – friend to GW • Kosciusko – forts/defenses • Pulaski - cavalry

  36. Wrapping Things Up • New leaders • Nathaniel Greene • Daniel Morgan • Francis Marion • Cowpens • Yorktown • Treaty of Paris (1783)

  37. Creating a Republic • We Won!!!! Now leave me alone! • State Constitutions • Articles of Confederation (1777) • Congress can…… • Congress cannot……

  38. Creating a Republic • Many early problems • Debt • Britain/Spain • Unorganized • Land Ordinance Act (1785) • Northwest Ordinance (1787) • Shay’s Rebellion

  39. Creating a Republic • Constitutional Convention (1787) • GW • Virginia Plan • New Jersey Plan • 3/5ths Compromise and the slave trade • Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • Bill of Rights • George Washington and John Adams

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