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Canadian Battles

Canadian Battles. The Battle of The St. Lawrence. German U-boats penetrated the Cabot Strait and the Strait of Belle Isles Destroyed 23 ships between 1942-1944 Only time inflicted death within Canada's inland boarders The battle was 300 km away from Quebec City.

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Canadian Battles

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  1. Canadian Battles

  2. The Battle of The St. Lawrence • German U-boats penetrated the Cabot Strait and the Strait of Belle Isles • Destroyed 23 ships between 1942-1944 • Only time inflicted death within Canada's inland boarders • The battle was 300 km away from Quebec City

  3. The Battle of The St. Lawrence • St. Lawrence shipping was Canada’s “heartland” to industry • If the Germans closed down the Gulf of St. Lawrence for shipping would result in a 25 percent decrease in transporting goods • Ally’s plans for invasion depended on the safe arrival of this merchandise

  4. The Battle of The St. Lawrence • German submarines attacked merchant vessels as well as Canadian warships • The goal of the attack was to weaken Great British • Wanted to prevent civilian population and the army supplies

  5. The Raid on Dieppe: Background • France • Also called Operation Jubilee • August 19,1942 • 5,000 of the 6,100 troops were Canadians • Remaining troops approx. 1,000 British Commandos and 50 American Rangers • More than 900 Canadians killed • 1,874 taken prisoner

  6. The Raid on Dieppe: Summarizing the Battle • Major disaster • Failed to achieve any of their objectives • Raid lasted only 9 hours • Suggested Germans had prior knowledge of the raid • Enemy was alert but not forewarned • Failure was primarily caused by poor and overly complex planning, inadequate training and insufficient fire

  7. The Raid on Dieppe: Significance • Many Canadians died • Pivotal moment in 2nd World War • Very poorly planned battle http://www.lonesentry.com/articles/ttt/pics/commando-raid-1.jpg

  8. The Defense of Hong Kong: Background • Britain decided Hong Kong was too vulnerable to defend • October 1941, two Canadian battalions, along side British and Indian soldiers were sent to protect Hong Kong • It was thought that the troops would discourage an attack from Japan • There was 14 000 men; 1975 Canadians • December 8 Japan attacked Hong Kong http://www.archersdirect.co.uk/images/china/china_map_hong_kong.jpg

  9. The Defense of Hong Kong: Summary • First battle Canadian Soldiers fought • There was limited chance of victory; they did not want to surrender • Held Hong Kong until December 22 • December 22, Allies ran out of supplies and ammunition and were forced to surrender • Once surrendered, Allies were taken as POWs; many were tortured and starved http://www.godfreydykes.info/qe%20burning%20in%20hong%20kong%201972.jpg

  10. The Defense of Hong Kong: Significance • Canada’s first Battle- soldiers were not well trained and didn’t have sufficient supplies for the Battle • Many Soldiers taken prisoner • 290 Canadian Soldiers killed • 500 wounded • 260 prisoners died • Over ¼ didn’t return home http://www.vac-acc.gc.ca/remembers/sub.cfm?source=history/secondwar/asia/canhk/defence

  11. Juno Beach and the Battle of Normandy : Background Information • Date Battle Started: June 6, 1944 • Date Battle Ended: August 25, 1944 • Where did this happen: Normandy, France • How Many Went To Juno Beach: 15,000 • # of Casualties: 1047, including 359 dead on D-Day.

  12. Juno Beach and the Battle of Normandy : What Happened • The summer of 1944, between the Allied nations and German forces occupying Western Europe. The allied nations made a plan called: Operation Overlord. Canada was to take Juno Beach. Their destination was a 50-mile heavily-defended coast of Normandy. “Their mission: to establish a beachhead along a five-mile stretch fronting.” • The Royal Canadian Air Force planed to attack other German held defenses and inland positions. “The Canadians advanced against the best troops the enemy had, but victory would come at a terrible cost. Canadians suffered the most casualties.”

  13. Juno Beach and the Battle of Normandy : Significance • The Significance of this battle was the turning point in World War II.

  14. The Italian Campaign: Description • July 10, 1943- May 8, 1945 • Named for the series of Allied operations held in Italy • 312 000 Allied casualties ( bad planning, communications, and weather) • 536 000 German casualties

  15. The Italian Campaign: What Happened?- The Invasions • Sicily: Allies captured the island and gained experience • Continental Italy: Allies landed on “toe” of Italy from the sea. (Operation Baytown) • Rome: Battle of Monte Cassino – 4 battles. Allies seize Rome • Northern Italy: Gothic Line - Hitler feared breakthrough in the line (lead to Germany) but there was no success.

  16. The Italian Campaign: Significance for Canada • First major land operation • First major role in the war after Dieppe • Operation Husky (Sicily) was the largest sea invasion of the time. • Compared to invasion of Normandy for size and complexity. • All 3 Canadian militaries participated. ( Navy, Air Force, and regular troops)

  17. Liberation of the Netherlands The battle took place after D-Day The Netherlands were finially liberated in March 1945 The Canadian troops were led by General G.D H. Crerar Background

  18. Liberation of the Netherlands Battles The Canadians troops fought a hard year against crack German troops The Canadian Third Division had to capture Caen, France- 1000 died During winter of 1944-5 troops moved North in France, through Dieppe, and Calais, through Belgium and into the Netherlands By March 1945, Canadian troops had crossed the Rhine river, pushing the German troops with them

  19. Liberation of the Netherlands Significance an example of an Axis Retreat in the western front The allies had stopped the Axis advance The Netherlands were now liberated and free The Netherlands held a liberation celebreation ecvery 5 years after 1945 until 1990, when it was made indo a national holiday Now, on May 4 and 5, liberation festivals are held all over the country

  20. Home Front

  21. Canada's Industries Gear Up For War • When WWII started Canada's industries were still recovering from the depression • During the War Canada manufactured war products for the allied forces http://www.nfb.ca/cinerobot/cinerobotheque/IMG428x321_WEB/45/45121/1.jpg

  22. Canada’s Industries Gear Up For War • From 1939 to 1941 employees in Canada’s industries increased by 50% • Canadian workers had to relocate to find work so the government built residences around factories • After the war Canada’s industries never slowed down http://www.yorktownsquare.com/img/york%20floorola%20products%20inc.jpg

  23. War Materials • Canadians made various supplies for the war over seas • Artilery shells • Aircraft • Tank parts • Vehicles • Guns • Ship parts

  24. War Materials Relation • Without the constant supply of materials soldiers would never had a chance against their enemies

  25. During the war children were very much in danger due to bombing and German invasion. The Germans killed anyone and everyone. Most of children up to the age of 16 were evacuated out of the major cities and put in to foster care in houses in the country. The rule was you must have 2 people per bedroom or you will be give kids to take in and foster. Children at war www.townfield.doncaster.sch.uk

  26. Children had half the ration of adults and it caused them to be malnourished and get sick easily. Children were also forced to work at a young age to support their families and the war effort. The children weren't always treated well at the foster homes. Children at war (cont) www.utexas.edu

  27. Conscription Crisis: Description • The conscription crisis was not as bad in WWII as it was in WWI • After Normandy invasion in 1944 Canada lacked troops • Mackenzie King sent 13,000 troops overseas, most of whom were conscripts from the NRMA • King was against conscription but eventually agreed to send 17,000 more troops

  28. Conscription Crisis: Significance • This was significant because many men were sent overseas forcing their wives to find work http://blogs.e-rockford.com/applesauce/files/2008/04/iww_anti-conscription_poster_1916.jpg

  29. Japanese Internment • Ten camps in B.C. • After the bombing on Pearl Harbor, Japanese Canadians were blamed for everything • 22,000 Japanese Canadians were scattered over B.C. • In February 1942 any person of Japanese origin were ordered into ‘protected areas’ with only a single suitcase Significance :This is important because this is the most extreme and most recent case of discrimination that Canada has had. Canada ‘s reputation of a country that welcomes all could have ended during WW2. Japanese Canadians were taken forcibly from their homes and their farms and houses were taken by the government. http://education.eastwestcenter.org/asiapacificed/ph2006/PH2006projects/7_clip_image001.jpg

  30. What were they like? • Forced to live in a cramped house with 10 other families with one stove • Some camps didn’t have enough room for everyone so tents were put up • Houses were panel board, no insulation, rickety walls and maybe a stove • During the harsh cold winters many Japanese put lanterns under their beds to try and keep warm. • Japanese Canadians rights were stripped from them, issued special clothes, humiliated, put behind barb wire fences and forced to work manual labor http://www.discovernikkei.org/nikkeialbum/sites /www.discovernikkei.org.nikkeialbum/files/filemanager/public/active/15/3-7_lg.jpg http://www.discovernikkei.org/nikkeialbum/sites/www.discovernikkei.org .nikkeialbum/files/filemanager/public/active/15/3-9_lg.jpg

  31. Canadians were not mentally prepared for World War two. With a lack of preparation Canadians were frazzled to find both men and women to help out. “ Wartime Information Board (WIB), undertook an extensive propaganda campaign "to dampen cynicism" and stimulate support for the war.” The popularity of the posters became a very important tool to enlist people. Propaganda: Description http://julia.hanovercomputer.com/toy/nov01/catalog/Uncle%20Sam/pict0082.jpg http://www.massey.ac.nz/~wwexmss/images/March2007OffCampus/book-WWII-Hitler.jpg http://poster-posters.com/pics/ww2/propaganda/here.jpg

  32. Propaganda has been used to shape and mold the benefits of the propagator. Thanks to propaganda, it makes the opposing side believe that they are wrong. Propaganda made this war, it got men and women to enlist, it got people angry so they would want to fight, and it got the opposing side want to fight as well. Propaganda: Significance http://vantech.vsb.bc.ca/ss/pm/ss11/online/ss11/history/work.jpg http://web.uccs.edu/history/student%20presentations/heidi/derfur.jpg http://z.about.com/d/history1900s/1/0/p/S/wwiip243.jpg

  33. Science & Technology • Canada was a great centre of wartime research • Scientist were quite young • World War 2 saw a great deal of scientific and technical innovation • A bunch of corporations undertook research in weapons, atomic energy, radar, nutrition, medicine and other areas • Many of the scientists that worked in other countries were Canadian

  34. Science & Technology • Much research done in World War 2 found civilian uses after the war and has helped shape today's modern world • The research and discoveries made during this pivotal time in history are still used to this day • The research that many corporations undertook helped win the battle and improved the life of people in the years that followed

  35. Victoria Cross: Definition • Highest British medal rewarded for Gallantry • instituted 1856 by Queen Victoria • Total recipients: 94 (most in WW1)

  36. Victoria Cross: Significance • Rewarded for conspicuous bravery in the presence of an enemy or other courageous acts • Recognizes the brave acts of those who fought the enemy courageously • The cross motivates everyone to stand up for what is right and to show their bravery

  37. International Battles

  38. Barbarossa: Events of the battle • Over 4 million troops of Axis Powers invaded the USSR along an 1800 mile front • Operation goal: rapid conquest of the European part if the Soviet Union

  39. Barbarossa: Description • Happened on June 22, 1941 • Named after Emperor Frederick Barbarossa Major part of the war on the Eastern Front • German: Unternehmen Barbarossa, codename for Nazi, Germany and Axis Powers invasion of the Soviet Union during WWII • West of a line connecting the cities of Arkhangelsk and Astrakan: referred to as the A-A line

  40. The Operation http://worldshistory.informbank.com/articles/events/operation-barbarossa-military.htm

  41. The Battle of BerlinBy: Allie Abell and Garrett Shoemaker • One of the most important battles of WWII. • Only a couple of weeks long, including two massive Soviet assaulting groups. • These groups assaulted the German capital Berlin from the east and south. • Hitler committed suicide, by taking cyanide and shooting himself. • Berlin’s city defenders surrendered on May 2nd, 1945.

  42. The Battle Of BerlinBy: Allie Abell and Garrett Shoemaker • Fighting was still occurring until the official surrender on May 8th, 1945. • In the battle alone; 1,000,000 troops and civilians were either killed, captured or wounded. • 2,000 tanks and 1,000 aircraft were destroyed. • This was one of the most devastating battles.

  43. Battle of Britain: Definition • Took place between August and September 1940 • One of the most famous battles of the Second World War • The Germans wanted to control the English Channel so the British Navy would not attack

  44. Battle of Britain: Significance • First battle in history to be fought entirely in the air • End of turning point, start of push back • Objective was to land 160 000 soldiers along a forty-mile coastal stretch • Germans outnumbered RAF 4 to 1 • 2800 aircrafts

  45. Battle of the Atlantic: Background Information • Battle lasted for 6 years ( longest battle in WW2!) • Began on September 3, 1939- with the sinking of the Montréal ss asthenia • Trade from north America to the united kingdom was threatened • Germany had control of entire coast of Europe • Germany was trying to destroy the lifelines of Britain

  46. Battle of the Atlantic: significance • Considered to have been won by the allies in 1943 • Training, air cover, more and better equipment came during this battle • 24 RNC vassals were destroyed

  47. D-Day:Summary • In 1944 allied forces planed an attack on German-occupied France- “Operation Overlord” • Landing points were planed for 5 points on Normandy Beach including Juno, Sword, Gold, Omaha, and Utah Beach • The attack was planed for June 5, but because of weather conditions it was postponed to the next day http://www.cbc.ca/news/dday/gfx/map_dday.gif

  48. D-Day: Significance • First step in Allied attempt to defeat Nazi Germany • Not a complete success -German gun positions were not knock out by bombardments leaving Allies in there line of fire • Landing was completed, giving Allies a foot hold in Europe where they could begin to push back Germans • Many casualties suffered http://www.orbitcast.com/archives/d-day.jpg

  49. May 1940, during the Fall of France is when it happened British expeditionary force was surrounded by Germans The Germans didn’t attack, so 338226 trained men escaped in 900 boat Also called Miracle of Dunkirk The Germans then took control of Dunkirk The allies bombed Dunkirk during German occupation Dunkirk Dunkirk Fleeing troops France

  50. Dunkirk Over 40000 vehicles and lots of heavy equipment was left behind during the escape This stuff was deemed less valuable then the trained solders It is still a mystery as to why the Germans didn’t attack the troops while they fled

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