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Ancient Egypt Notes

Ancient Egypt Notes. Art. Achievement: Paintings, drawings, hieroglyphics, artistic expression through architecture, sculpture, metalworking Significance:

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Ancient Egypt Notes

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  1. Ancient EgyptNotes

  2. Art • Achievement: • Paintings, drawings, hieroglyphics, artistic expression through architecture, sculpture, metalworking • Significance: • Artwork represented everyday life in ancient Egypt, offered instructions on religion and afterlife, hieroglyphics allowed communication and record keeping

  3. Paintings • Most paintings were lively and colorful • Detailed painting covered temple and tomb walls • Also painted on canvas, papyrus, pottery, plaster, and wood • People’s heads and legs are always painted from the side, but upper bodies and shoulders are painted straight ahead

  4. Paintings on a wall in a tomb

  5. Carvings and Jewelry • Obviously very skilled stoneworkers (tombs, pyramids, statues) • Jewelry was made and worn by both men and women • Jewelry included necklaces, bracelets, and collars • Also liked to use gold to make items for Pharaohs tombs

  6. Architecture • Achievement: • Pyramids, Temples, Tombs • Significance • Building was done without mortar, pyramids ensured king’s union with the gods, architecture reflected their religion

  7. Pyramids and Temples • The Egyptians not only built the great pyramids, but also hundreds of magnificent temples • Rows of sphinxes lined the path to the entrance • Once you entered the gate there was usually a huge obelisk (a tall, four-sided pillar that is pointed at the top) • Huge colorful/painted columns held up the roof • Beautifully painted walls, lots of statutes of the gods and Pharaohs

  8. Karnak Temple Abu Simbel Temple

  9. Government • Achievement: • Structure of government established, Theocracy • Religion and government were tightly entwined • Significance: • Pharaoh was absolute monarch, Pharaoh was both the head of government and religion, Pharaoh had control over people, improved government efficiency

  10. The Pharaoh • The Pharaoh would pick his own successor • This was usually the oldest son and very rarely was it a woman • It was common practice for the Pharaoh to share power towards the end of his life with his successor to ensure a smooth transition • The Pharaoh virtually had limitless power and control

  11. Amenhotep King Tut

  12. Government Structure • There were 42 Nomes in Ancient Egypt • Nomes are comparable to our states • Each Nome had a governor that was appointed by the Pharaoh to run that area • Other government officials included: • Priests - Chief Treasures • Viziers - Minister of Public Works • Army Commanders - Tax Collectors

  13. Laws • Ancient Egypt was a land of many laws • There was a court system to determine guilt and punishments • Punishment was intended to fit the crime • Doing wrong and committing a crime brought shame and disgrace to the entire family • Caning, dismemberment, and executions were not uncommon punishments

  14. Taxes • Ancient Egyptians had to pay taxes just like we do today • The tax rate was very heavy, especially for the lower classes • Taxes took take the form of money, goods, labor, or military service

  15. The Archives • Everything was recorded and stored in huge vaults • This included: • Wills - Trial Transcripts • Conscription lists - Nile River flood levels • Tax Lists - Census records • Letters - Inventory of food • Weather

  16. Religion • Achievement: • Detailed description of afterlife and how to prepare for it, mummification, • Significance: • Preserved the body for the afterlife, Pharaoh was believed to be a living god

  17. Multiple Gods • Re – the sun god • Osiris – god of the underworld • Isis – goddess of magic • Horus – sky god; god of the pharaohs • Thoth – god of wisdom • Geb – the Earth God • Ptah – creator of the world • Anubis – god of the dead

  18. Re (the sun god) Horus (the sky god) Osiris (god of the underworld)

  19. Thoth (god of wisdom) Geb (the Earth god) Anubis (god of the dead)

  20. How Egyptians Worshipped • Every major city had a temple built to honor a specific god • Each temple collected payments from worshippers and the government • Most families also worshipped at home with household shrines to certain gods • Much of Egyptian religion focused on the afterlife (the afterlife was a happy place)

  21. The Afterlife • To preserved the body for the afterlife = mummification • Had to have a body in the afterlife to eat and drink • Would leave objects in the tomb that one would need in the afterlife (furniture, clothing, tools, jewelry, weapons, games, dishes, food, drinks, etc)

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