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Corn residues (35% Glucose, 18% Xylose) 15 tons/day. water. water. water. steam. Precipitated acid, toxics and charcoals. Waste. Adding CaOH 2 to pH 10 then adding H 3 PO 4 to pH 5 and 2.4% charcoal ( ) to remove toxics. charcoal recycle. steam. Step 1 Disk mills (dry) 1
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Corn residues (35% Glucose, 18% Xylose) 15 tons/day water water water steam Precipitated acid, toxics and charcoals Waste Adding CaOH2 to pH 10 then adding H3PO4 to pH 5 and 2.4% charcoal () to remove toxics charcoal recycle steam Step 1 Disk mills (dry)1 T(C): 25 C pH: -- Processing time: 3 hrs Energy input: 4,000 MJ Removal toxics and acids Step 7 Toxics removal and charcoal recycle Solid-liquid separator2 Rotary drum filter T(C): --- C pH: 5.0 (same as step 3) Step 6 Neutralization and detoxification T(C): 100 and later 37 C pH: 5.0 Processing time: 1 hours Energy input: --- Size: 300 m3 water Ground Biomass Adding 10% (v/v) H2SO4 solution sugars (2.4 tons Xylose and 4.7 tons Glucose) Seed culture Genetic engineering yeast and Genetic engineering Zymomonas mobilis with addition of xylose utilizing pathway, Step 2 Acid Hydrolysis (1) T(C): 100 C pH: 2.0 Processing time: 3 hours Energy input: 200 MJ Size: 300 m3 Hydrolyzed hemicellulose: 2.4 tons Hydrolyzed cellulose: 4.7 tons + acids + toxics T(C): 100 C pH: 2.0 Acid recycle steam Step 3 Solid-liquid separator2 Rotary drum filter T(C): --- C pH: 2.0 Processing time: 1 hrs Energy input: --- Size: 30 m2 Step 8 Batch Fermentation2 Co-culture of Zymomonas and yeast T(C): 37 C pH: 5.0 Processing time: 1 days Size: 300 m3 Recycle dry cell as yeast extract Step 10 Distillation5 20 trays single column (0.5 x 2 m) T(C): 80 C Processing time: 1 hr Energy input: 50 MJ steam Cellulose (solid phase) steam Step 9 Solid-liquid separator2 Centrifuge T(C): --- C pH: --- (same as step 3) Adding 30% (v/v) H2SO4 solution dryer Step 4 Acid hydrolysis (2) T(C): 100 C, pH: 1.5 Processing time: 3 hours Energy input: 600 MJ Size: 300 m3 (80% ethanol) Step 11 PV Membrane6 T(C): 25C Processing time: 1 hr Energy input: --- 3.3 tons ethanol (6.8% v/v) water Steam, electricity (99.8% ethanol) Step 12 Burner Energy output: 230,000 MJ Step 5 Solid-liquid separator2 Rotary drum filter (same as step 3) 3.3 tons ethanol/day Yield = 0.22 tons ethanol/tons Biomass Lignin: 7.8 Tons